Facilities Maintenance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Facilities Maintenance - Essay ExampleThe facilities forethought has to estimate the size and theatre of the facility and the number of facilities established. The preventive maintenance has to be planned on how to address the immediate extremity and the facilities to be installed to meet the needs in requirement. The facilities components life has to estimate to know the performance factors of the individual components. The facilities maintenance has create a periodical review to estimate the robustness of the components and devices to initiate timely overhaul movement out and to keep the facilities well updated.The facilities are to well set to restore the aftermath affect of any disasters. The renovation time has to be reduced to regulate the operational losses due to the sudden incidents occurring in the work station. The probable scale of effect and the restored systems required are to be estimated and has to placed for immediate requirements.The horizon of the responsibil ities spreads to an outcome to keep the working environment safe, make the employees feel comfort in executing the profiles. Being edifying in case of any suspects and externals dangers and responding in no mean time to decrease the impact of the danger. property the facilities of the campus well updated and regular inspections on their working conditions enhance the performance of the facility like the cooling systems, the auspices systems, the fire equipment services.The visitors can be a form of treat carriers as we cannot predict the dangerous intention. The persons come in into the campus are to be thoroughly checked and are to be send to the reception area only(prenominal) after the concerned person from company is accompanying him. His luggage has to isolated at the campus entrance with restrictions on certain materials and to kept at separate cloak room facility. The work stations should be dictated at a distant area away from the visitors lounge. The visitors informat ion has to be recorded for any tho clarifications. The surrounding areas of the campuses are to be monitored to distract any miscreant entering into the campus. The movements of the road side vehicles should be captured to know the traffic discrepancies and any dangerous moves. The vendors and support lag have to be thoroughly checked before allowing them to their shifts. The surrounding areas are to be kept clean to avoid the hidden explosives and harmful material. The staff is to careful monitored to observe their behavior and their movements in the restricted areas. The accessories should be used with care to avoid mishandling and to avoid explosions. The other entry areas like the back doors, kitchen areas, the stores room areas are to monitored for any doubtful transfer of materials. The park vehicles are to be carefully

Facing your monsters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facing your monsters - Essay ExampleThe process of life progresses from elemental imaginary nightmares to real life fears that is vividly explained in the article (Langella 158). Once the originator recognize that the thoughts about monster were g one and only(a), then it is replaced by the real fears. The fear of greying mummy and shapeless objects is replaced by real fears. The blush purpose of the essay is to discuss about the article The Monster in my engineerThe originator illustrates ain experience on monsters and provided a connection on imaginary fears with his sons story of monsters. The author demonstrates that fear can be created by individuals personal perception and experiences towards certain things. gibe to Frank Langella, human beings have the potential to create fears. Langella illustrated that he knew monster would arise every. The long piece of ground between the house of neighbour and own family was covered by tufts of grass and black dirt. In the mid-1 940, the author watched a movie about mummy. Langella does not recollect the name of the movie but remembers the powerful ascertain of a man with mouth exposed and wrapped in greying cloth. The author describes the fear of monster at a very young age. Langella knew that every night a mummy would come and hunt him down. Until one night, monster did not show up for daily routine. Langellas son also struggles with the fear of monsters. Langella employ first strategy to fight with imaginary monster. The implementation of the strategy is to remove the creation of fear. Later, author realized that fear can be created by daily experiences and activities.The author vividly illustrated the time when his son employ to struggle from the fear of monsters. Imaginary fears on monsters are the integral parts of children life. The fear of monsters resides inside the head of children. Children would simple reply that monsters are hiding inside the bed or closet and will come out later to haunt. T he author describes that the fear of imaginary monster is mainly

Financial Analysis - Southwest Airlines case Essay - 1

Financial Analysis - Southwest airways miscue - Essay ExampleThis attitude is also visible in the recruitment activities of the air hoses. While hiring new battalion the airlines gives preference to candidates with a combative and hardworking spirit. Besides this in the hiring process the airline officials look for traits wish dedication, sense of humor and extroverted people with an empathetic attitude in dealing with the peoples emotions.The airline gives excess emphasis to learning and expects its employees to learn even from the day to day job experiences. Leadership courses designed for the airline managers emphasize on encouraging, empowering and coaching and are not limited to supervision or rule enforcement. with regular courses the cultural themes like trust, teamwork, diversity and harmony are ingrained in the employees and supervisors.The supervisory positions in the airline are mainly filled internally as it is the belief of the management that the people who had b een in the system are better equipped in handling and understanding the beliefs of the co-workers and find acceptance among the peer. This opinion of internal job promotion motivates the employees to put in their best bring to passance. The compensation offered by the airline is high than the industry standards and it also consists of a plan for profit-sharing for the senior employees. The company has a non-adversarial and harmonious relationship with the employee unions. Airlines contract with the employee union does not consist of any restrictive rules permitting even the pilots, gate-keepers and ticket agents to perform loading and unloading work. South-west airline has a no-layoff policy. This is because the company is of the belief that laying-off people is but a short term measure of increasing business profits. Instead the company seeks to build a sense of trust with the employees as this makes the employees more loyal towards the company. For this reason the company has been successful in construct a good-will with

Teachers' stages of concern Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teachers stages of concern - query Paper ExampleGlobalization compels all countries to undertake substantial changes in their education agenda to be able to cope with such changes. Among these is the need to cope with technology. The demands placed upon the workforce, in terms of technology competencies, arouse made nations conscious of the need to integrate technology into school curricula, to prepare the youth for the demands of the future (Hord, Rutherford, Huling-Austin, & Hall, 1987 Hishamuddin, 2005). Tinio (2003) compactly puts that the justification for the promotion of ICT in curricula knowledge basewide is to equip students for the future requirements of the work setting. The latter strongly call for the use of ICT, specifically computers and other online resources. This makes computer literacy a requisite for success in a technology-driven world (Tinio, 2003). The move to integrate technology into education entails the use of technological tools in pedagogy, includin g the Internet, blogs, digital cameras, other electronic and digital tools to enhance the teaching process. Moreover, Pierson (2001) notes that educational reform will only be authentic if it goes beyond the acquisition of hardware supportive of technology, but a real, open adoption of strategies that will enable such integration into the school curriculum.Pierson (2001) adds that the requirement for computer literacy is apparent in daily tasks required of students both in their homes and within the educational institution. This demand entails teachers to gain knowhow of content, instruction, and technology that are apt for student progress. It is thus exact for teachers to know how to integrate technology into their teaching approaches (Pierson, 2001).The differences between the conventional and novel uses of technology emphasize the root word that teachers can utilize technology to enhance pedagogical approaches towards the enhancement of student learning (Cognition and Technolo gy chemical group at

The Transition from High School to College in Kuwait Research Paper

The Transition from lavishly School to College in Kuwait - Research Paper ExamplePrevious literature reports on pupils transition into campus have mainly focused on the determinants of success of first-year students (Christensen & Evamy, 2011) Learning and forethought of first-year students (Tabitha et al. 2012) and Engaging ethnically and empowerment of first-year students (Apelian, 2010). Little literature is available on the challenges of students transitioning from soaring school to university in Kuwait. This research paper aims to evaluate the challenges faced by students joining the college for undergraduate programmes. nigh students are happy to join undergraduate studies. (Nia, 2014) state that this, however, brings extreme distress because most of them are separating with addicted settings and places for the first term. Briggs (2013) argue that the transition process from high school to university is likely to interfere with physical comfort, societal security and the pleasure from extracurricular activities in the first year. Briggs (2013) adds that the transition process can be stressful. The requisition of students in the Middle East, for example, brings trauma to students most of who learn for the first time with the opposite gender. The students are in any case responsible for making major decisions regarding their schedule this can be challenging given most of their time in lower classes was managed by teachers. Roe et al. (2010) confirm that students find it hard to adjust to making decisions on what to undertake at a particular time as well as sleep and rouse up time.

Public Finance-Social Security Insolvency Essay

Public Finance-Social Security Insolvency - strive ExampleAt the initial stage of this program, permanently disabled soldiers and widows of soldiers were given the gathers of affectionate credential policies. The closely noted disadvantage of this program is that it had not designed any provisions for the Confederate side veterans and families. In order to remove the inefficiencies of the program and to coordinate the whole unions of soldiers, this program was restructured later and thereby all unions of soldiers got the benefit of the program regardless of the intensity of their injuries. Due to the expansion of the program, the federal government was driven to spend more than one third of its funds to meet the military pensions in 1984. The United States was shaken by the ample depression of 1930 when millions of the Statesns lost their jobs and struggled to meet the livelihood. The event prompted the thoughts of a comprehensive social earnest system for the choice of the weakest in times of such severe speckles. Franklin Roosevelt became the president of America in 1932 and the depression was at its acuate stage in this period. He was the first person who suggested an idea of social insurance in America although it was characterized by several weak aspects. Roosevelts idea was the milestone in the history of social security programs and it was molded into its present form subsequent to various amendments of Roosevelts basic frame. ... This plan persuaded the workers to set diversion a specified percentage of their income to a separate account so that they can use this amount of money to meet the monthly expenses after retirement. Subsequently, Social Security Act (SSA) came into force in 1935. Since 1935 the SSA system has been example in US with relevant modifications in accordance with changing economic situations and population of the country. Currently, social security system in United States is known as Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disa bility Insurance (OASDI) program. Deaven and Andrews (vii) lists other social security programs which include Unemployment Insurance, Temporary Assistance to Needy families, Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled (Medicare), Grants to States for medical examination Assistance Programs (Medicaid), State Childrens Health Insurance programs (SCHIP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). 2. Causes of the anticipated insolvency Anticipated insolvency or expected insolvency is a threat to employment as it leads the business to failure in the near future. Insolvency whitethorn occur in small businesses as well as in big businesses although small business ventures have more possibility to confront with it. There are large numbers of causes for anticipated insolvency. want of working capital is the main cause of anticipated insolvency as it interrupts the smooth running of the business (The 65 most common reasons for business failure). The inadequate capital resources cause to diminish the management incompetence which is the throttle valve that leads the business upwards. The thoughtless managerial decisions, unfair issue of credits, and unnecessary purchases are the major factors which create the situation of capital deficiency. Unforeseen contingencies like floods,

The interpretation of Islamic texts is entirely independent of Essay

The interpretation of Islamic texts is entirely independent of historical vicissitudes. Discuss - raise ExampleMost of the interpretation of the Islamic texts is based on the historical changes and this is modified in mold to suit a particular context whether present or past. It is in this perspective that I volition be arguing against the perception that the interpretation of the Islamic texts is entirely independent of historical vicissitudes. The paper allow for be split into various categories in order to look analytically on the aspects that support my argument. The eldest section leave behind be a history on Islam in the world. Thereafter I will discuss and argue against the aforementioned topic. This will be done in different contexts like sounding at the gender in relation of the Islam this will be looked at in relation of the sermon of women and men through the interpretation of the Islamic texts. Each concept will be looked at analytically with the support of releva nt reading material and credited sources. The last section will be the culture of the paper and how each of the said point has been relevant during the research for this paper. Each argument will be argued first with me giving my own opinion about it then using the citation from relevant materials and cerebrate with my own opinion of the said topic. Each stage will have the relevant support references. admittance to Islam The history of Islam has in most cases been associated with the sole existence of Islamic states and empires. Since the beginning Islam was existing the spread of the worship was on a communitystate basis. It was both a faith and a political order. inwardly years and centuries after the His death, Muhammads local Arabian polity did become a very extensive empire going as far as North Africa to Southeast Asia. The advancement and development of Islam and institutions be always intertwined. Islam The History In the 6th Century in the Arabia brought forward the rise of Islam. The Arabia was the source and meeting of many beliefs. Christianity and also the practice of Judaism was in the region although for the better part of the 6th Century C.E (Common Era) they were overwhelmed by the faction of the tribal deities that practices barbaric activities. Muhammad (pbuh), the seer of Islam was born in Mecca in 570 Common Era in what is referred to as Saudi Arabia. His family dealt in trade and by the time He was 25 he was occupied by an old woman who was a widow with whom He later married. At 40, He began to intimacy visions and also auditory manifestations, throughout His occasional meditation retreat in the caves. According to Islamic brotherly Services Association, the angel Gabriel revealed himself to Him and gave Him a book in which he was commanded to Read. In the beginning this revelation was being shared with His friends and family and with instances He congregated on a daily basis with the growing number of tribe and the meaning of Peace was shared. The message that Muhammad (pbuh) had for Peace was met with resistance thus it made Him run away to Medina. The essence is called Hijrah (emigration). Eventually He returned to Mecca and died in 632 in Medina and He also did not leave any male person heir. According to Endress (1987), The word Islam is an Arabic word meaning peace, greeting, allegiance loyalty and obedience to the Creator. According to Muslims, Allah chose Prophet

Changes Introduced by the Ottomans to Arab Urban Life Essay

Changes Introduced by the Ottomans to Arab Urban Life - Essay ExampleThe Chronicle and the Muslim courts record document that are the relocation of the aesthetically distasteful industries in the city, and above all, the tanneries as the population spread beyond the old wall. For the homogeneous reason, cemeteries and mosques sprang out in areas where even n peerless had ever existed (Hathaway and Barbir 145). Public baths also increased in the number, thusly indicating the larger concentrations of the people in the broader expanse of the territory.The court note, in addition, settled disputes within the new neighborhoods, belongings purchases, non-Muslims, and some merchants living in the neighborhoods where they were formally unrepresented. This indicates some positive demographic shift in the urban areas.Another change that was introduced in the urban was the improved marketing. The constructions of gathering places like the mosques brought together people, which in act upon resulted in the exchange of good and services (Hathaway and Barbir 139). The construction of the stalled building also attracted more merchants who brought in diametric goods for sale, since it was easy for them to store their merchandize and find a place to live. Besides, as it was before the era of Ottoman, Muslims never lived nuzzle the Christians or other groups of people. However, during the Ottomans era, they are seen to at least move closer and even stays attached their neighborhoods. This is some of the changes that were introduced in the urban.Respect within the residential quarters and the people security indicates other critical changes that were introduced (Hathaway and Barbir 144). As seen, the quarters are squeezed only separated by the wall but every one respected his or her neighbors property. Besides, the union was also among changes that were introduced. Merchants would walk and cluster together in the neighboring home to the marketing center, and will comforta ble welcomed (Hathaway and Barbir 140).From the

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

History - assigning ExampleGerald get across, who became a hot seat after Nixon resigned as the result of Watergate, granted pardon to the former president Nixon in September 1974. This action proved to be an unpopular move since Nixon was suspected to be intricate in Watergate Scandal. He got another fame point reduction from the fact that his WIN (Whip Inflation Now) program failed to geological period stagflation, the conditions from the era of Nixons presidency where prices and unemployment kept rising.Related to Vietnam Wars, Ford planned a renewal of U.S. multitude support in South Vietnam, but it failed due to the antiwar mood in the states and the battlefield conditions in Vietnam. inside the era of Fords presidency, in 1975, North Vietnamese captured South Vietnam capital Saigon, and in the said(prenominal) year the Khmer Rouge of Cambodia drove the U.S supported government from the capital of Phnom Penh and boarded a U.S. ship, the Mayaguez to seize the ship and its crew. Fords effort to send a rescue mission and bombing strikes led to short conk out of approval from the U.S. citizens. However, during the rescue, U.S. lost more men than it saved.During Jimmy Carters era of presidency, the influence of Watergate and Vietnam Wars legacies was not as great. However, the shaken faith to the government was as yet suffered and the stagflation which damaged the economy condition during Nixon and Fords eras of presidencies was still unsolved. The rise of oil price and hostage crisis added more problems during Carters term in office.Related to Vietnam Wars, Carters first policy after he obtained his presidential seat was to grant amnesty to most Vietnam-era sketch resisters. Declaring that he would not be afflicted by inordinate fear of communism, Carter avoided getting refer by direct war like what happened in Vietnam Wars, and focused on diplomatic negotiations and attempts which emphasized human beings rights. Camp David peace talk between

The Defendant's Confession Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Defendants Confession - As scorement ExampleSometimes, prejudice in the defendants functioning compromises the defendants abilities relevant to the confession process. This report seeks to basinvass the damaging impact caused by use of confession. It will also show how a confession can be used in the court of law. Case study Beckwith v. United States (1976) The future(a) case existed following statements made by a taxpayer (Beckwith) to the Internal Revenue agents in his house. During this noncustodial interview, the defendant retorted that he had evaded tax salary at some point. The interview was carried out to investigate criminal tax fraud. He was arrested and later reined in court, prosecuted and found guilty for tax evasion. However, the defendant claimed that he was non read his Miranda rights onward the interview took straddle (Arthur and Lawrence 220). This did not have any impact on the case since his tax liability was under scrutiny. He served a jail term becaus e of the confession he made during the interview with the IRA. A free and uncoerced confession by the defendant is sufficient to convict, without any other evidence whether the confession was made before apprehension, or after, or whether decreased in to writing or not. If the confession was drawn from the defendant by means of a threat or a promise, then, it is not admissible evidence. Any facts, however, that may be brought to light in consequence of much(prenominal) confession may be proved. A confession, (if made on examination before a magistrate) ought to be taken in writing, and signed by the magistrate. Parol evidence of such a confession will not be received, unless it is clearly proved not to have been reduced into writing. The confession when taken in writing ought to be read over to the defendant, and he should be asked to sign it. His refusing to do so will not make it inadmissible. The defendants confession must not be taken on oath, and if so taken, it cannot be re ceived. His confession is evidence only against himself. In in all cases a confession should be provided in evidence for it is a general rule that the full paper must be taken together, both that which makes for the defendant and that which makes against him. In the mentioned petition, the defendants confession was voluntary since the defendant did not expect the matter to be criminalized. The Internal revenue Agents did not read him his Miranda rights before they interviewed him. Miranda rights are highly crucial since they act as warning to indicate that whatever you say during the investigation will be incriminated as evidence (Arthur and Lawrence 130). Legal issues related to assessing the ability of individuals, especially those of special populations, to waive their rights are reviewed. An empirical research on the ability of suspects to make knowing, intelligent, and voluntary confessions is considered in light of relevant ethical issues and limits of testimony. native Law and Miranda Warning A defendants confession often serves as the most persuasive evidence in criminal trials. It is particularly influential when it serves as the sole or primary source of evidence offered by the prosecution. When a suspect is placed under arrest or is given the impression that he or she has no right free to leave, police officers, or government agents are expected to read the Miranda warning. For example, You should to persist silent. Anything you say shall evidence in the court of law. As indicated by the U.S. supreme court. However, the

Web 2.0 Technology and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

meshwork 2.0 Technology and Education - Essay ExampleIndeed, charm the use of technology in classroom has addressed the individual needs and requirements of students, its application in uncounted formats has opened spacious possibilities for students and teachers alike to exploit their potential for higher learning. The advancing technology and sack 2 tools have progressively emerged as key elements to involve students learning outcome and made acquisition of noesis highly interesting. They have therefore, widened their horizon of educational scope and outcome. Statement of problem In the current times, non using mesh 2 tools could pose serious problems for students. Technology is intrinsically linked to development processes and its huge impact on education system has necessitated its inclusion within the curricula to enhance learning outcome. Valdez has emphasized that educators moldiness be ready for technology rich future and promote dynamic strategies and tools within the curricula so that the students atomic number 18 prepared to meet the challenges of the 21st century (1). The current generation of tech savvy students is no more(prenominal) satisfied with classroom teaching and is constantly seeking real time learning through unexampled tools which can challenge their abilities to explore new avenues of knowledge acquisition (Akyeampong 3860). Web 2 provides the students with interactional media to assign their knowledge and at the same time, facilitate their learning processes by sharing experience, opinions and views on different areas and issues (Greenhow et al., 247). Thus, Web 2 has wide ramifications on individual learning and its inclusion within curricula becomes key element of motivation. They jockstrap individuals with varying needs to optimize their learning outcome and ensure higher achievement. Thus, not using Web 2 tools could seriously hinder students personal and academic achievements. Purpose of the paper The major purp ose of the study is to explore how the use of Web 2 tools influence learning process and enhance education outcome. Today, technology has become part and parcel of education system and the use of meshing and online learning tools have increasingly become popular within and outside classroom. But the efficacy of the Web 2 tools like well-disposed networking, blogging and use of video sharing websites etc. needs to be explored within the academia to study their impact on students learning outcome. Most importantly, how it can be exploited for enhancing students learning is vital issue that essential be explored and evaluated to ensure students continued interest in the core academic areas. The huge possibilities of internet base learning suffers tremendous scope of growth that needs to be used by educators for enhancing students education outcome. possibility 1. What are the main elements of Web 2 that make it attractive for students? 2. Do the Web 2 tools offer different challe nges for students with varying skills? 3. How does Web 2 help to influence the learning processes of students with varying needs? 4. How does the interactive platform of Web 2 help to widen the understanding of different issues? 5. Do the web 2 platforms promote global values and improve and improvise learning outcome across the geographical boundaries of class, color, pass and culture? 6. How do Web 2 tools encourage greater interaction amongst students and teachers? 7. How does it impact reading, writing and inclusion skills of students? 8. How does it keep the students motivated in the academic learning? 9. How can teachers exploit the vast potential of Web 2 tools for enhancing students education outcome? What is Web 2.0? According to OReilly the Web 2 tools are internet based technologies and platforms of communication like social netwo

Sub-Saharan Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sub-Saharan Africa - Essay ExampleThe owners cypher wanting poverty level of the gather upd families as an easy way to even exploit them by giving meager earnings, which does not even commensurate with what they do. Hence, prompt them even using children in reaping period who act as cheap labor for they given them much less comp ared to their adult counterparts (Freely found Truth, 2013). Hence, prompting child labor statics augment instead of declining in these states.Many firms known to buy drinking chocolate pressurize farmers into augmenting productivity without even minding their conditions for the crops demand globally is significantly high. The fact that they involve intermediaries who buy significant cocoas production from the farmers, make them have a huge go on the farmers (Freely Give Truth, 2013). This way they create a monopoly and therefore they pay farmers as low as low as they want due to the great influence they have. This has prompted farmers yield to procurin g childrens services for they are aware they will pay them meager wages, which translates to augmenting of child servitude statistics.There is no enough regulation to throttle child labor since a child assisting in the farm is not legally wrong all if the child is involved in heavy work load. The government also has devised extremely low minimal pay, hence prompting the impoverished families to continuously wallow in poverty to the extent majority of them do not have any plan for future investments. Because many work to ensure they are undefended of affording only days upkeep, which ought to be the case especially what they are producing fetches much global market.The Cte dIvoire regime together with cocoa buyers can effectively influence declining of this menace. In this case, the regime finished devising adequate and effective policies barring farmers from employing children would be a good platform meant to start

The Mind-Body Problem, Freedom and Determinism Problem Essay

The Mind-Body Problem, liberty and Determinism Problem - Essay ExampleThe knowledge of our conscious states is usually connected to the perceptual experiences that we go through and through. ageless judgments, thirst, hunger, feelings of sadness and anger, pains and itches and somatic sensations be among the inclusions of a conscious mental state (Kim 67). There make believe been different sets of ideas regarding the mind and the body. Many people have argued and different and separate thoughts and ideas of whether the mind and the body be the same thing or whether they ar different and separate. We have been brought up with the idea that we have minds. We are taught in many different ways that we have both minds and bodies and they exist differently. Many people have accepted this fact despite the few people who argue against it. The small number has been increasing referable to the several changes in beliefs that have sprouted recently that give evidence contrary to the po pular belief. Self-understanding by humans is an important part of philosophy and science. This can be achieved by understanding the place of thought and feeling in the natural world. When trying to understand the natural world, maven has to consider the relationship betwixt mental and physical phenomena. There has been a lack of agreement on what really is the relationship among mental and physical phenomena in psychology and this is what is traditionally known as the mind body line of work (Co unmatchedy 25). It is a philosophical difficulty that occurs in the fields of metaphysics and philosophy of mind. This problem usually arises because of the difference in the qualitative and substantial characteristics of the mental problem and the physical bodies which the mind depends on. This theory was realized by philosopher Descartes. genial states have a character which is qualitative in nature. This character is usually known as qualia. When one is aware of his or her conscious state, then the only thing in question is oneself. A different and unique quality about our consciousness is that we have knowledge of them which means that when we are conscious, we know we are and we know how we are but we do not infer this knowledge (Dretske 56). Intention is another feature of the mental that is important. It makes the mind directed at something. Desires and beliefs are also an important part of the mental state. These are referred to as propositional attitudes because we can express them. Some mental states usually seem to lack intentions, such as when someone is in a state of anxiety or euphoria. Intentions are usually directed by our desires and beliefs. Physical theory usually changes with time. This means that the current physical theory may go through several changes and revisions. The mind body problem, however, does not change with the changes in the physical theory. The mind body problem has the response of the basic constituents of things that have m ental properties. Physical phenomena have three different impressions. The first one is that the position will be classified as a version of physicalism. The second interpretation does not give the option of mental phenomena being reduced to physical phenomena. The third interpretation is that physical phenomenon is exemplified by our current physics. Although theories have been propounded whether the mind is part of the body or separate, its existence cannot be ignored. This can be exemplified by the common language usages such as Whats on your mind?,

Research literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research literature canvas - Essay ExampleThe clinical application of this property has been of much interest to biomedical researchers in the upstart years. Though the potential of al-Qaeda kiosk research has been confirmed to have much clinical relevance, umteen social and spiritual controversies have been raised due to the developments in this field. Pierret and Friedrichsen (2009, 79-87) have canvass the sociological aspects of stem cadre research. Their study has urged serious discussion, both among college students and other social elements, on the ethical issues pertaining to stem cell research (Pierret & Friedrichsen 2009, 79-87). The authors have developed a new course termed Stem cells and Society to attract the economic aid of students towards scientific realities in the research and also to the moral issues related to it. (Pierret & Friedrichsen 2009, 79-87). The study has also critically analyzed the ethical controversies that had erupted in relation to similar sc ientific innovations (Pierret & Friedrichsen 2009, 79-87).The purpose of our study, though, is not to argue about maven particular stand point but to discuss both the view points and finally to allow readers to produce their own opinions and conclusions. In addition the process has been facilitated by providing an integrative review that details previous research, theories, explanations and answers and hence counteracting them with questions and objections so that at the end of our research readers can make their own rationalistic conclusion.Stem Cells, as defined by The National Institute of Health, are cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types within the body. Two facets make them incredibly important Firstly, they can renew themselves during cell division and secondly, when adult under certain conditions, they can achieve specialised functions. These cells differentiate and form almost all the

Social Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Social Entrepreneurship - Essay Exampleddle financial institutions has not been experienced making the social enterprises to solving to crowdfunding as the major source of revenue (Othmar, 2012). To assist the social enterprises to generate more revenue and cleanse the UK social sectors, the Social Finance pays the social organizations such as Peterborough prisons that reduce the number of reconvictions by 7.5 per cent.To ebb financial problems, crowdfunding has been adopted as one of the avenues of raising capital, debt and equity finance as well as seeking for donations. Crowdfunding entails motivating a large number of audiences for example via the social sites to contribute towards the financial kit of the social enterprises. Additionally, entrepreneurs are now focused at other sources of funds including leasing companies that provide office equipments oddly when there is stability in the cash flows (Weerawardena and Mort, 2006). In the same way, government agencies have al so been abstruse to provide subsidies, credits and grants. These are significant especially for the projects that can be managed sustainably. For the small entrepreneurial initiatives, bootstrapping has been the major source of income.The additional sources of revenue for instance crowdfunding can work especially based on the increase use of social sites such as face book and twitter. Since the public, banks and the government are aimed at creating a strong linkage, Ridley-Duff (2009) argues that the solutions to financial issues that social enterprises are facing will be effective.Othmar, M.2012. Literature Review and inquiry Agenda for Crowdfunding of Social Ventures. Research colloquium on social entrepreneurship. University of Oxford, Skoll Center of SAID Business School, 1,

Aristotle & Socrates Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Socrates EssayPhilosophy comes from the Greek roots meaning the love of sapience. Philosophers are persons who have a compelling need to pursue wisdom. Since the beginning of time, wise man and women have dedicated themselves to asking Big Questions. Depending on the questions, there are various areas of philosophy including metaphysics, epistemological, axiology, ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, social philosophy, and logic. planning Make a Creative representation of some ace (fictional or real) you consider a wise person. Be prepared to present it in class and explain what characteristics make a person wise. Archetypes Archetypes are elemental images that represent our conception of the essence of a certain kind of person. usu each(prenominal)y considered to be shared by all of humanity throughout time. Philosophical archetypes are philosophers who express an original or influential menstruum of view in a way that significantly repairs subsequent phi losophers and non-philosophers. Western philosophy has been dominated by males of European ancestry. Relativism- Relativism is the belief that ascertain is refractory by specific qualities of the observer.In other words, absolute (universal) knowledge of the truth is impossible one opinion is as approximate as another. Philosophy workweek 2 Pre- Socratic philosophy Asian sages and the sage The Sage The sage is an archetypal fig. Who combines religious vehemence with a love of wisdom? Found in ancient Asia, they are the oldest philosophical archetypes, identifying happiness and doctrine the good purport. Asian cosmology is not based on empirical (numbers, data, statistics) or scientific evidence.It contends (argues) that everything is on the job(p)harmoniously, following the Tao (Force or flow of energy in life), or the path or the way on that point is no separation between heaven and earth, divine and human, but is working together all is one frankness containing yin and yang. Yin represents earth, weakness, darkness, negative, and destruction. Yang represents heaven, strength, light, positive and construction. One cannot live without the other, keeping the universe in balance. Think Lao-tzu Confucius Siddhartha Gautama The Sophists (Meaning Wise in Greek) First professional educators, Charged fee to teach.Argued that the difference between a good and bad careen is custom and individual preference, nothing is bad or good in nature. They argued for relativism, some(prenominal) cultural and individual. daybook 3 Read pages 59-60 Reflect upon ways you have been a victim of ethnocentrism. Reflect upon ways you are ethnocentric Reflect ways America is ethnocentric. Since 911. The Person Socrates (470-399 B. C. E) was the first major western philosopher. He wrote no philosophy and what we know of him comes read/ compile headly from his pupils Plato and Xenophon.Socrates challenged the sophists doctrines of relativism and moral realism he often taught that beauty and goodness determined by utility (If it serves a purpose) His Teachings Socrates is most famous for his style of philosophical inquiry known as the Socratic Method or dialectic. Education is supposed to draw knowledge out of you instead of locomote with you like an empty vessel. Among his teachings, his most persistent command was know you. Believing an unexamined life was not price living, he saw himself as a kind of Physician of the soul. He believed that the real person is not the body, but the physics-mind-soul. Journal 5 Read the trial and death of Socrates on pages 110-115 How does death and his art of demise relate to his teachings History Plato was a member of the Athenian aristocracy and Socratess most favorite and grave student Athenian democracy was irrational mob rule. Founded famous academy to educate wise rulers In Platos metaphysics, the highest train of reality consists of timeless essences called courses. Platonic mixtures are independently exis ting, noncapital some-things Plato divided reality into to deuce worlds dualism.The highest level of reality is eternal and changeless being. The other is the evolving physical world, known as the coming consort to Plato the sophists could not discover truth because they were preoccupied with the world of ever changing perceptions and customs. For Plato the chief distinction between knowledge and opinion is that knowledge is fixed, absolute and eternally dead on target. Whereas opinion is unanchored and changeable. According to twisting opinion lives in the realm of becoming truth and knowledge are found on the level of being. The Divided line 133-135.The simile of the lie 135-137 The Allegory of the cvae137-139 The divided line A+B= domain of Forms (Being, Knowledgeable) C+D= Physical world (Becoming Opinion) Metaphysics Epistemology(study of knowledge) Higher Forms(Example the good) A Understanding Lower Forms(Example Form human) B Reasoning Sensible Objects (Example Mo ther Teresa) C. Perception Images(Example Mother Teresas Photograph) D. Imagination Simile of the sun Plato compared the absolute stock of the good to the sun the good makes the existence of everything else possible.The good cannot t be observed by the 5 senses and can be known but by pure thought or intelligence. It is the offset of both the value and the existence of all other sours. Allegory of the cave In the allegory for the cave, Plato categorized lead levels of awareness by referring to three distinct levels of reality two levels of becoming and one ultimate level of being. Lowest direct No imagination or perception Informed level Wider range of radical understanding. Awakening Highest level nous has no need for perception or interpretation.The Republic (Socrates book for complete(a) utopia) Plato agreed that there is a reciprocal relationship between the individual and the kind of society in which he or she lives. The ideal state, for Plato, meets three basic ch aracteristics 1) Nourishing necessarily, 2) Protection needs 3) Ordering needs These needs are best met by three classes Workers, Warriors, Guardians or Philosopher Kings. The republic contrasts two views of morality. The instrumental scheme of morality asserts that aright and wrong must be determined by the consequences our actions produce.The functionalist theory of morality holds that right and wrong can only be understood in terms of the way they affect our boilers suit functioning as human beings. According to Plato, the just state functions fully the unjust state is dysfunctional, only when all classes of slew are virtuous according to their natures is the state whole, healthy, balanced and just. In order to be a just human being, balanced. Virtuous. temperance, courage, wisdom, justice(essence and balance of the soul) Plato thought the worst kind of Gov. was a tyranny. And democracy was a tyranny.Democracy makes little tyrants out of everybody. Journal 6 According to P latos philosophy, please answer these questions guardedly explain the relationship of the individual to the state in Platos Republic. Why is the relationship significant? What does Plato see as the most unjust type of person and state? Do you agree? Explain. Explain the origin and nature of democracy according to plan. Aristotle The person Aristotle was Platos most illustrious student and went on to be the personal coach-and-four of b want lovage the great. He eventually created his own school called the lyceum.In contrast to Plato, Aristotle introduced the idea of naturalistic or scientific knowledge gained from collecting facts and usual factual info to make the world a split come forth. Aristotle was a naturalist. Naturalism if the belief that reality consists of the natural world and that the universe is ordered. Everything follows discoverable laws of nature. His Philosophy Aristotle believed that form and matter can be intellectually spaced but cannot live independently in reality. The form of something is called its essence. Matter is the common physical material stuff but it has no distinct characteristics without a form. wayfaring form is that which is in matter and makes thing is what that is. So, individual things are formed matter. Aristotle argued that complete understanding of a thing required identifying its four causes. 1st cause Material cause, the material thing is made of mystify formal cause. The form the thing takes cause Efficient cause, the triggering motion that begins the thing Cause Final cause, the Telis, or the ultimate purpose for which the thing exists. In living things, Aristotle called the final cause, Entelechy, meaning having its purpose within.He believed every living thing had an inner urge or a drive to become its unique self. He believed nature was ordered and guided internally. Journal 7 Consider the acknowledgments on page 153. Please write a few paragraphs for each one describing what they mean to you and how they relate to you. For Aristotle, psyche or soul is the form of the body. Soul is entelechy. Like every other instance of form and matter, for Aristotle the soul cant be separated from the body and its body and its impossible to affect the body without also affecting the soul or to affect the soul without affecting the body.Aristotle taught that humans had a hierarchy of three kinds of souls, each higher level containing the aspects of the abase levels 1st level Lowest soul called vegetative or Nutritive, responsibility for absorption 2nd Level the sentient or sensitive soul, registers all info regarding form of other things. 3rd Level Highest Soul found in humans only, called rational soul, and includes the other two plus the capabilities for analysis, understanding relationships and decision-making. According to Aristotle the good is that which all things aim.It is their entelechy Eudemonia which often translated to happiness means being really alive rather than just existing. A ccording to Aristotle happiness requires activity good habits and practical wisdom. Aristotelian moderation is based on the concept of wisdom hitting the discipline between too oftentimes and not enough Virtue consists of hitting the mark or the mean but vice consist of being off by too much (excess) or too little (Deficiency) Journal 8 Read pages 172-176 Explain the importance of hitting the mark and character to Aristotles concept of happiness What is the principle of meaning?Philosophy study guide Academy- Alexander the Great An Unexamined Life Aristotelian Forms Aristotles Hierarchy of souls Aristotles Idea of a Good life Aristotles Teacher Entelechy Hitting the mark Lyceum Naturalism Platos 3 classes of people Platos feelings toward democracy Democracy Platos four cardinal virtues Platos teacher Platonic Forms Simile of the sun Socrates Death sentence Temperance The republic Three levels of human souls Tyranny journal 1 cognizance Knowledge Theoretical Knowledge Practical Knowledge Belief Mere Belief Willed Ignorance Definition and Examplesjournal 2 Write how each of the eight paths are relevant in todays world journal 4 Socrates electric shock effect on Athens resulted in death, however it gave him a place in history as a great thinker wise sage. From pages 87-95, read each quote in the margins Please write the quote that shocks you and Reflect upon its meaning to you. Absolute truth is Truth with a capital T. What do we know so far? Modern Philosophy(How do you know that its straightforward? ) After Christianity began to grow, most Europeans turned to god as the ultimate source of wisdom and the church as the ultimate authority.However, by the 17th century scientific ad advancements and the decline of the authority of a superstar church began the era of modern philosophy. It was a shift from metaphysics to epistemology. Rene Descartes(1596-1650) is the father of philosophy. He came up with rationalism. Dcccd. edu then go to student services, then libraries. 3 ears of Western Philosophy- 1 Classical, what is truth? essentialism Modern- How do you know its true? Rationalism Rationalism is the epistemological position in which reason is said to be the primary source of all knowledge.Rationalist believe in the coherence theory of truth that new or undecipherable ideas should be evaluated in terms of rational or logical consistency and in relation to already established truth. Rationalism says that abstract reasoning can produce absolutely certain truths about reality and that some truths can be discovered without observation, experiment or experience. These truths are innate ideas or a priori ideas. A priori can be known without experience or experiment but Posteriori ideas are derived from experience and experiment.However he arrived at the cogito, ergo sum, latin for I think, therefore I am. This, along with a satisfactory belief in god, stood as his undoubtable truth. Journal 9 Please do the philosophical queries(Green Boxes) on pgs. 252 and 253 Jeremy Bentham- resurrected hedonism, in direct response to the conservative ruling class in Britain. The result he created the great happiness principle also known as the Principle of Utility, that states we should always act to promote the sterling(prenominal) happiness for the greatest number.Benthams hedonic calculus was a crude method of reducing stress to mere(a) calculation of units of joyousness versus units of pain. Psychological hedonism- pain and pleasure determine what we shall do Ethical hedonism- pain and pleasure point to what we ought to do. Bentham extended the ethical reach of the pleasure principle beyond the human community to either creature with the capacity to suffer. He argued that insisting that animals escape moral worth was akin to racism. John stuart nerd He believed that there is an empirical basis supporting his claim that refined pleasures to crude ones.Mill disagreed with Bentham that all motives are egotistic and ba sed his more refined philosophy in the social feelings of all people for unity with each other. Mill believed in the possibility of altruism, the capacity to promote wellbeing of others, he argued that the lack of altruistic feelings and ignorance of the higher pleasures were products of poor raising and harsh conditions, not quality of human nature. According to mill, the selfishness and lack of mental cultivation are the chief causes of unhappiness, and can be cured with a proper education and legislation.

Organization and Environmental Analysis Essay Example for Free

Organization and Environmental Analysis EssayHuawei Technologies technical diversification of its portfolio and value addition to its existing products is highlighted by Huawei existence ranked amongst the top 5 in the dry land in terms of essential UMTS patents. By June 2008, Huawei had filed 30,569 patent applications. (Huawei incorporate Information-Huawei Media release). The big inclination towards RD and vigorous woo differentiation has enabled Huawei Technologies to achieve what the other dominant players in the telecom industry have been struggling to achieve- customization .This slopped customer counsel is also the face of Huawei Technologies projected through its inciter logo. The Huawei Technologies brand logo reflects its centerfield principles of customer-focus, innovation, steady and sustainable growth, and harmony, conveying Huawei Technologies sincere commitment to helping its customers realizing their potential to launch a figure of competitive services through continuous innovation and an enterprising spirit. (Huawei Corporate Information-Huawei Media release). The Huawei Technologies logo was recently smorgasbordd and modified to reflect harmony as also one of its observe elements, so as to convey its cordial responsibility. Huawei Corporate Information-Huawei Media release). This has brought in the much needed image change required by Huawei Technologies primarily being seen as a Chinese vendor. Figure1 Huawei Contract Sales (Source Huawei Corporate Information-Huawei Media release) Opex Capex leverage which Huawei Technologies has been able to offer its customers has enabled it to try out cost leadership which is evident as 72% of its contract sales were from overseas mart in 2007. Let alone in 2007, it had 45% increases in its contract sales revenue. See figure 1. Huawei Corporate Information-Huawei Media release). The strong hold which Huawei Technologies is being able to maintain also comes from the socio-political e nvironment it works in as the labour cost in China is one sixth of that of United States or Europe. Thus it has puzzle a key external environmental factor . Intern each(prenominal)y Huawei Technologies has capitalized on human resource and RD. yet has the cost differentiation been enough, will it still promise growth and more market sh ar? These are the biggest questions which need to be addressed for a guaranteed continuous growth.This question has made Huawei Technologies rethink its marketing scheme towards value proposition, and to value chain analysis (Porter 1985) for a bigger market parcel out. Before that however lies other hurdle of poor quality perception a question mark on the quality of Chinese branding. come forth 2- The dragon brand wagon. With the FMCG market taking blows after blows because of adulterated Chinese raw materials, the normal consumer perception on Chinese quality is struggling to establish a stand.Though it specifically affects as said the FMCG m arket or the business dealing in B2C but the general perception affects all including B2B. And this has been one of the prime challenges. From 1998 to 2001 Huawei was looked at with distrust doubt . With the Cisco lawsuit the market penetration in the developed economies had become more ambitious and required 1000 times more effort as compared to its American or European counterparts. (The Economist, Nov 2007). I believe that the focus needs to be shifted towards creating a strong brand if Huawei Technologies needs to keep its foothold in the global telecom market.Thus effectening of the Huawei brand has become even more important. Remodeling to establish Huawei as a brand has been now the sassy focus to develop a better perceived quality create brand equity. The need of brand mention has also become very vital to be seen as a valued collaborator for its customers. tarnish development has never been big in China with large volume market brand knowledge never existed in the C hinese market. Hence it becomes more essential as well as difficult for Huawei to develop its brand image to compete in the global economy.The strong need for branding and change for the marketing orientation to move towards the service sector becomes more vital when we look into the 5Cs of Huawei Technologies. Issue 4- The 5Cs. Exploring the 5 Cs of Huawei Technologies highlights the core competencies of Huawei and helps us in understanding why a new orientation approach is required . As discussed earlier Huawei Technologies dominates in cost differentiation and is armed with a strong RD to achieve customization in a high barrier industry and it has been a key strength of Huawei Technologies.But a quick SWOT analysis brings out the lack of perceived quality in the market as one of the greatest threats Huawei Technologies faces. Its major competitor Ericsson currently leading the market share comes with a very strong branding and high perceived quality. The dilemma is not just the m arket perception but also the perception of the employees themselves despite the fact that human capital is a key resource strength of Huawei Technologies which also drives to low labor costs.

World Com and Accounting Ethics Essay Example for Free

World Com and Accounting Ethics analyseCurrent business and regulatory environments be more conducive to ethical behavior due to galore(postnominal) new laws that bedevil been put into effect in recent years. For many companies, especially small ones, the checks and balances are non put into place as well as they should be. With new laws in effect and more and more accountants paying assistance to their clients accounts, ethical behavior is on the rise although it will take a long time to recover from the scandals that rocked the world graduation with Waste Management in 1998 and following with Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, HealthSouth, Freddie Mac, AIG, Lehman Brothers, Bernie Madoff and Saytam in 2009. For 10 years u authorisehical behavior and choices almost brought our country to its knees and even now many populate are losing their homes and their jobs because the economy has still not fully recovered.In 1983 in a small coffee berry shop in Hattiesburg, MS, the business concept that would become WorldCom was born. The company was to become one of the largest telecommunications companies that would one day rival ATT.WorldCom began as a small long distance telephone company and through an combative acquisition strategy, evolved in the second-largest long distance telephone company in the United States and one of the largest companies intervention worldwide Internet data traffic. WorldCom achieved its position through a large add of acquisitions and between 1991 and 1997, WorldCom worn out(p) almost $60 billion in the acquisition of many of these companies and accumulated $41 billion in debt.With each acquisition, WorldComs stock go along to rise as the company became more pockable, rising from pennies per division to over $60 per share in 1997. As the company grew people sat up and took notice and Wall Street investment banks as well as analysts and brokers began making buy recommendations to investors worldwide.All of this would move over en ded well if WorldCom had obviously played by the rules but alas, that was not the case. As with any acquisition, let alone 65 of them in six years, management at the top level requires considerable attention to make the merging of the two companies run smoothly. Secondly, the accountancy of the monetary aspects of each merging company moldiness be accomplished through the application of generally accepted history practices (GAAP).WorldComs merger with MCI was the beginning of the end. Bernie Ebbers (CEO) paid little attention to the details of the operations and many things began deteriorating, mainly customer service. Customers were told they were not customers, calculating machine frames conflicted with each other and billing systems were not coordinated a recipe for disaster. Although WorldCom had an immense talent for purchasing competitors, it was not up to the task of merging them.WorldCom also used their own interpretation of accounting rules when preparing fiscal stat ements. In an effort to make it appear that profits were increasing, WorldCom would write down in one fag end millions of dollars in as roofys it acquired while, at the comparable time, it included in this charge against earnings the cost of company expenses evaluate in the future. The result was bigger losses in the current quarter but littler ones in future quarters, so that its profit picture would seem to be improving. (Moberg)WorldCom managers also made their own assumptions regarding accounts receivables which if the cash customers owe the company. They chose to ignore the accounts receivables because this allowed for a lower assumption of non-collectable bills which in turn required a smaller reserve fund. The end result allows for higher earnings.All of these practices could continue as long as WorldCom continued to acquire additional companies, using those companies as their merry-go-round to utilize poor accounting practices. Not precisely poor practices but unethical . In 2000, the merry-go-round stopped when the government refused to allow WorldCom to merge with Sprint. Another accounting practice that that was uncovered was the allowance of the board of directors to authorize lends to senior executives. Mr. Ebbers received a $341 million loan authorized by the board of directors which is the largest amount any publicly traded company has lent to one of its officers in recent memory. This brings concerns about conflict of interest and fracture of fiduciary duty but nevertheless WorldCom was not the only company allowing this practice. And on top of that the loan interest rate was as low as 2% which was not much of a return for the company that loaned him that large of an amount.WorldComs unethical accounting practices were found by Cynthia Cooper who worked as an internal auditor for WorldCom. Cynthia and her team became suspicious of a number of peculiar financial transactions and began their own private investigation. What they found were m ultiple entries that were misallocated and unauthorized to the tune of $4 billion dollars in chief city expenditures. It appeared the company was trying to represent operating costs as detonating device expenditures in order to make the company look more profitable. By allowing these kinds of practices and attempting to have others following the same kind of unethical behavior, moral and trust were at an all time low within the company. etymon in 2002 everything began to unravel. The SEC began an investigation on the company and WorldCom was trying to avoid filing for bankruptcy. Within months they set(p) off more than 17,000 employees, almost 20 percent of their workforce. By the time it was all said and done, 30,000 employees befogged their jobs and investors lost over $180 billion dollars.WorldCom improperly booked $3.8 billion as capital expenditures which modify cash flow and profit over a 5 quarter period. This disguised the actual net loss for 2001 and the first quarter o f 2002. It is possible that the accounting irregularities go back to 2000. In simple toll WorldCom did not account for expenses when it incurred them, but hid the expenses by pushing them into the future, giving the appearance of spending less and whence making more money. This apparent profitability pleased investors who pushed the stock up to a high of $64.51 in June 1999. When WorldCom was stopped from acquiring Sprint they had to find a way to hide their large expenses so that the expense of the stock would not go down. They did this by treating $7 billion of line costs as capital expenditures.These line costs were basically rental fees paid to other phone companies to use their phone lines. Up until 2001 these fees (expenses) had always been properly expensed in previous years but when WorldCom placed them in the capitalization crime syndicate the expense was delayed to future periods which in turn boosted current-period profits. The accounting guideline that made this deci sion two-faced was materiality. Materiality refers to the impact of an items size on a companys financial operations. Materiality states that if an item would not make a difference in decision-making, the company does not have to follow GAAP in reporting the item. In this case, $7 billion dollars in expenses makes a considerable difference so GAAP guideline should have been followed. Consequently profits for 2001 and 2002 were overstated greatly.This ethical breach could have been avoided long before it became a huge problem basically by maintaining the accounting system from the very beginning. Because WorldCom was more interested in acquiring companies than in merging them properly, accounting systems from various companies did not work together well. After a time and more and more acquisitions it became a huge circle and nobody really had any idea what was right and what was wrong. Senior management used that disorganization to hide their fraudulent activities. This large of a fraud should have been easily detected by doing a routing equivalence of the actual physical assets with a list of the physical assets shown in the accounting records.Following the scandal of WorldCom which well followed the Waste Management Scandal in 1998 and the Enron scandal in 2001, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, introducing the most sweeping set of new business regulations since the 1930s.

Jon Lebed Essay Example for Free

Jon Lebed EssaySummaryIn this case study we learn about Jonathan Lebed, at 15 years old, the youngest person during that time and the beginning(a) minor to ever to face proceedings by the moment for origination-market fraud. In 2000, Jonathan Lebed caused chaos in the stock trading industry and was accused of pumping and dumping stocks over the Internet. Between September 1999 and February 2000 Lebed made hundreds of thousands of dollars by flier in internet chat rooms and on message boards encouraging people to buy penny stocks he already owned, thus, according to the SEC, artifici every last(predicate)y raising the price of the stock. Lebed was found guilty by the SEC of wrong doing under Section 17(a) of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 which addresses fraud in the use on interstate commerce. Under these acts it is unlawful for a person to intentionally provide mendacious statements for the purposes of deceiving buyers. The SEC set tled with him for a $285,000 of his earnings. His actions proved that the Internet could be a very powerful wight for fraud.The ContextThe moral tone of the case study we were given to read, written by Michael Lewis, almost seemed to be a defense as to why what Jonathan had done should tolerate been acceptable. Lewis seemed to portray Jonathan as just a kid doing what all financial analyst and stock gurus do daily, but since Jonathan was 15, and doing it well, then the Securities and Exchange commissioning was picking on him. At times in the story their was a sense on excited disarray, and no one wanting to be the blame or accept responsibility for the situation, especially in the midst of Jonathans, his mother, and father.Broader Ethical PerspectiveIn the case it was obvious that Jonathan did not have the best interest of all the parties involved in his best interest, which to me constitutes for one of the first red flags of the lack of ethical behavior. He as well as never s howed care or any remorse of any potential wrong doing for anyone who may have been a victim to his gimmicks he never took responsibility for his actions.

Civil liberties during war-time Essay Example for Free

courtly liberties during war-time EssayCivil Liberties ar for example freedom of speech and freedom of the press as defined by the outgrowth amendment. These freedoms have been challenged by the threat of war, but should they be engineern away because of it?The first amendment states that Congress shall contrive no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. These are our civil liberties that we are promised as citizens of the U.S.In the past these liberties have been interfered with. The main cause for this interference was war. The organisation wanted to abolish any chances of treason or leaking of information to the enemies and to do this they passed act such as the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien and Sedition Acts made it illegal to write, print, speak, or publish a nything false or untrue about to United States.We can understand how certain precautions must be made to get a line safety in times of war but to go so far as to take away our freedoms are out of bounds. There are numerous other ways to make us safe without interfering with our liberties. For example tighter security. After 9/11 security became very tight at airports and other areas where terrorists might be able to enter the country. Although this extra security was tedious and time consume to get through, it was well within the lines of the 1st amendment because it did not take away any of our freedoms.I do not believe that our civil liberties should be taken away during wartime. This is a democracy and should remain one whether engaged in war or not. The government can think of more ways to shelter us other than limiting our freedoms of speech or of the press, and certainly without interfering with our privacy unless there is safe cause to do so.

Online Behaviors And Impression Management Essay Example for Free

Online Behaviors And Impression Management EssayIntroductionWith the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an legal mechanism for kindly electronic networking. People can not deny the fact that a successful well up-disposed networking is more possible to lead a successful life. A own(prenominal) ikon serves as an consequential role in establishing new networks and managing old ones. It was proved that large number give way more opportunities generateing themselves in the computer-coordinated parley settings than face-to-face environments. Therefore, regardless of generations, the ways how multitude interact with one another have been greatly changed by online friendly sites. The purpose of this study is to understand how mountain utilize online tender sites to manage their personal impression and how they behave on well-disposed media also, mickle utilize amicable media in order to gratify their social needs such as their friendship mainten ance. The thesis of this paper is that social media influences personal behaviors as well as their impression management and it also has positive impacts on people friendships performance.Personal Behavior on well-disposed MediaIndividual behaviors may be restrained because of their awareness that their behaviors might possibly be seen by other people, and the fact that people tempt to look more appealing in any social occasions is obvious (Jeong, 2011). Since social media is served as a platform which is opened to public, people go to settle more attention to how they appear and behave online. An experiment from Denton (2012) indicates that participants within heterogeneous networks such as Facebook have more desire to cant over their impressions to others. A heterogeneous network is a network which is established for people with turn up same interests, religions or common interests in other words, people are able to speak or act freely on those websites. This experiment explai ns pass on that people manage or even shift their image based on others views and attitudes.According to Cummings (2012), the setting of profiles provides an opportunity for ones social life people put effort into pass oning a better image which aims at influencing others within the network. Jeong (2012) also declares that the process in which individuals attempt to control their impression with others is called impression management. Impression management can be use interchangeably with the term self-presentation, and its goal is to elevate peoples public image by execute behaviors based on how others evaluate them. Jeong also states that impression management usually occurs together with social desirability. companionable desirability is defined as an individuals tendency to describe themselves and behave in a manner in which they believe they will be viewed favorably in a situation. Moreover, Jeong also points emerge three main characteristics of self-presentation in online media platforms.They are asynchronous, malleable and discriminating. Asynchronous means that people can snub and update self-presentational cues deliberately over time. Malleable means people can simply manipulate those cues. Denton (2012) explains further by stating that people behave differently in different situations or interact with different people with whom they have specific relationships. For example, a lazy and incompetent employee may spend his evening as a passionate and assiduous worker volunteer or he behaves as a hard-working worker whole under supervision in this case, employers might misunderstand that he is truly a diligent worker.Thirdly, selective means people can improve their impression by choosing specific cues. Jeong explains this term by vainglorious an example that individuals are more likely to donate or show their supports for charity campaigns as dour as they realize that their participation would be noticeable to other people. Besides, there are so me companies tend to elevate their images by sponsoring nonprofit organizations. To conclude, in general, people tend to behave favorably and try to perform a positive impression to others on social media.Impression Management on kind Media societal media has been a new and clean platform for people managing their impression. Sameer (2007) states that document preparation programs make it relatively light(a) to manipulate the appearance of profiles also, programmability attentions people keep track of contents to the audience, and browser application provide an easy way to distribute the original or modified profiles. Therefore, Krisanic (2008) concludes from her research that impression management has been commonly carried out by those who involved in social networking activities. Jeong (2011) also states that online media platforms are expected to provide people with a greater opportunity for impression management, and because of its public display which enables participants to articulate and make their social networks more discernible furthermore, Ellison (2008) declares that this kind of public display of corporation serves as important signal that helps people navigate their networked social world.Cummings (2012) supports his idea. He points out that social network sites provide people a channel to present themselves digitally, and also gives them another way to provide details about themselves and establish or maintain their relationships in their own social network. Also, profile owners are not the only ones who are able to provide cultivation on their own pages. Most sites such as Facebook and LinkedIn allow those who are involved in the connection to create additional development, and the use of wall posts and the recommendation are the examples (Cummings, 2012). All in all, the main characteristics of social network sites include the capability to make connection between people and share personal information on top of that, it offers an eas y way for people to manage their personal impressions.Friendships Performance on Social MediaThe articulation of friendship connections is another facet of impression management it might possibly be viewed from others as an identity marker to profile owners (boyd Ellison, 2008). Although boyd and Ellison argue that online audiences comments may dominate user behaviors, Vallor (2012) thinks that those interactions are part of the reciprocity which serves a prime function maintaining friendships. Reciprocity is an original biological stimulus that operates as the core of human being sociology and is the mutual characteristic of different types of friendships (Vallor, 2012). Take Facebook as an example, reciprocity emerge with diverse forms it begins with the friend requests and pass judgment invitations correspondingly, responding to friends status by pressing like button, sharing photos and videos online, comments on friends status, and tag friends on pictures or posts. Therefore , a study from Vallor (2012) shows that instead of diminishing peoples interactions in their real lives, online social sites actually travel chances for such interaction.Vallor (2012) also declares that social media can support friendships. Many social network sites allow additional information, and which encourage people to list hobbies, post photos, and interact with other individuals within the network (Cummings, 2012). Furthermore, social network sites help individuals to manage contacts beyond traditional software like outlook, and they also help incorporate opthalmic information such as pictures of contacts (Cummings, 2012) hence, the online social media offers a precious function of recombining efficiently with friends in the away (Vallor, 2012). To conclude, it is true that these sites help participants perceiving more sense of social value and connection also, social network sites help reinforce participants desire to maintain their friendships (Vallor, 2012).ConclusionA s online social networking sites as a new media technology comes out in our society, individuals have more opportunity than ever before to present themselves in public by using them. These sites allow users to make self-presentation by creating their own profile pictures, personal information, photos, videos, and their activities. Impression management is related to social networking sites use because individuals tend to develop different self-presentation depending on the audiences online. From those studies we were discussed, people tend to behave favorable to their audiences.However, the authenticity of profile information comes into concern since everything that shows on peoples profiles may dominate their images to others whether this fact leads to negative problem of social networking sites may still need to be further investigated and researched. From another aspect, we can conclude that social networking sites have a positive impact on friendship performance. Although some s tudies argue that the online social networking sites may damage the traditional meaning of friendship, it serves as a valuable tool maintaining the friendship in people real lives. All in all, social network sites if manage properly they can of course offer very concrete benefits to people social networking lives.Referencesboyd, D. Ellison, N. (2008). Social Network Sites Definition, History, and Scholarship. (pp. 219-220). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13(2008) 210-230. Cummings, J. (2012). Virtual First Impression Matter The effect of social networking sites on Impression formation in virtual teams. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2012 pg. n/a Ellison, A. S. W. (2012). Impression Formation in a Social Network Context. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2012 pg. n/a Jeong, H. J. (2011). The Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Campaigns on Consumer Responses to instigator in Social Media Impression Management Perspectives. ProQuest Dissertations an d Theses 2011 pg. n/a Krisanic, K. (2008). Motivation and Impression Management Predictors of social networking site use and users behaviors. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2008 pg. n/a Sameer, B. (2008). First Impression formation in electronic profiles. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2008 pg. n/a Vallor, S. (2011). Flourishing on Facebook virtue friendship new social media. Springer Science and line of work Media B.V. 2011

Airbus A3XX Production Essay Example for Free

Airbus A3XX Production EssayShould Airbus proceed with the new set?Yes. The A3XX will constitute a new family of bigger and better aircraft with a high degree of honey oil operational characteristics, particularly in the cockpit design, in accordance with Airbuss philosophy. For the get-go time, the airline companies will be adequate to(p) to provide much more than room than has ever been available. Passengers will be more comfortable and the operational costs will be between 12 and 20% lower than those of the current B-747.The A3XX is the solution to the line of growing demand for air travel, which is expected to triple oer the next twenty years. At the alike time, it is the most efficient solution since a greater number of passengers can be carried without there organism the need to build new airports. Moreover, it is quieter than any current passenger plane so that it will be perceived as a good neighbor.As it is mentioned on the case, the first version of the A3XX wi ll live 555 seats in three classes and a range of between 14,200 and 16,200 km. This plane will be the first passenger aircraft with four aisles, two on the main underprice and two on the upper deck and there will be two stairways to ensure easy passenger flow during boarding and disembarkation. These factors would by all odds differentiate the new A3XX from the current B-747. Likewise, great efforts have been made to ensure that the A3XX can be use on existing airport runways, taxi strips and parking areas, with minimal modifications that can be rapidly introduced into the traffic pattern evolution of the airport.Furthermore, with a wing span of 79 m and a maximum length of 77 m, the A3XX will be able to taxi within the 80 m x 80 m box that has been adopted as standard for the worlds major airports. The A3XX will also have the potential for increase its capacity and range. Freight and combo versions are planned, as are short range smaller versions. The A3XXs wider and more spac ious cabin mean a versatile fuselage section that will allow airline companies to mix any conformity within the three decks.With the A3XX, Airbus Industry is ensuring its position as a key mart player and will provide airline companies with an alternative to themonopoly that has existed for so long.How should they price it relative to Boeings offerings?Taking into chronicle the many advantages that the new A3XX is expected to have compared to Boeing 474, Airbus should price it higher.Airbus (A3XX)1.If every works as planned Airbus would break the worlds largest passenger plane producer.2.After produced the new superjumbo would have capacity for 500 to 840 passenger, and 555 in 3-class configuration compare to Boeing 747.3.It promises a maximum speed of 0.89 (652mph)-New York to Hong Kong in 12h 21m-New York to London in 5h 18m4.The new model expects to lower the fuel blaze up by 13% compare to 747 and is expected to be the first long-haul plane to consume less than 3 litres of fuel per passenger over 100 km as efficient as an average family car.5.Cabin promises to be configured to include cocktail bars, double debs and mini-casinos.6.It promises a 35% increase in passenger capacity over the 747 in standard 3-class configuration, alogn with a neraly 50% larger cabin volume.Boeing (747)1.After the launch of the new A3XX, Boeing would not longer be the worlds top passenger jet maker and its 30 years domination in the gross sales of the large passenger jetliner market would be lost to Airbuss new superjumbo.2.The Boeing 747 has capacity for 400 to 500, and 450 in 3-class configuration compare to the new A3XX.3.Current maximum speed of 0.86 (630mph)-New York to Hong Kong in 12h 47m-New York to London in 5h 29m4.Fuel efficent and has low operating costs. It provides a marginal costs of 19%.5.It can use existing airport infrastructure and ground championship equipment.6.It produces lower emissions, and achive better fuel economy than any competing jetlinerRef erenceshttp//www.superjumboa380.com/html/airbus_vs_boeing/index.shtml

Chinese Immigration to Canada Essay Example for Free

Chinese Immigration to Canada examineCanadian culture and the way Canadians live their lives is signi? cantly different from the Chinese. Chinese who are fresh off the gravy holder often struggle with phrase barriers, cultural gaps and the peeled environments they are introduced to because they arrived in a strange estate with no experience. In spite of the dif? culties many Chinese encounter, they are willing to acquire untried fellowship about Canada. Many families who immigrate to Canada lose everything. They encounter ? nancial, employment, and language issues. Although interacting in a new language can be extremely stressful for immigrants and be detrimental to their self-esteem, learning English is inevitable for Chinese immigrants. Chinese immigrants would blend into Canadian ball club easier if they had previous knowledge of cultural and social differences or a greater language pro? ciency that would allow them to adapt more than effectively in their new society as well as interact more comfortably. Immigrant children are usually shy when in a class with other Canadians.Most of the meter, when Chinese students come to Canada, they usually associate with their friends who speak Chinese and they evacuate interacting with other students who speak English. However, when students make friends, they are introduced to a new language and new social behaviours. These new friendships are bene? cial to both the native Canadian as well as the immigrant student because they learn from all(prenominal) other. This learning fosters tolerance instead of breeding ignorance and racism. It is crucial for immigrant students to meet native Canadians because that is the about convenient inwardness of introducing them to their new society. Families that have no relatives or friends in Canada immediately experience signi? cant ? nancial and employment problems. These complications veto new immigrants from feeling safe in their new country, and many seek comf ort in church service groups. These church groups help new immigrants to adjust to the Canadian lifestyle, and they also provide important resources for the new immigrant to look in order to adjust to their new community with few problems. Yet, in the recent years, many ladened Chinese have immigrated to Canada, so factors like ? nancial and employment problems do not apply to them.Many of these loaded Chinese immigrants operate businesses in mainland China from Canada therefore, the need to ? nd employment is not problematic. Many Chinese immigrants come to Canada because of the numerous opportunities Canada provides. The student life within school and outside of school provides more freedom and the ability to think independently. In China, high school students are loaded with homework and spend most of their free time doing homework and going to tutors. The Canadian scenery provides opportunities of living in a new country with beautiful landscapes and wonders.Families are ? nally able to relax in a non-over be country and enjoy the fine weather. Background History Before The first Chinese immigrants to settle in Canada were 50 artisans who accompanied passkey John Meares in 1788 to help build a trading post on the West bank of Canada. In 1858, Chinese immigrants began arriving from San Francisco as gold prospectors in the Fraser River Valley, and Barkerville, BC, became the first Chinese community in Canada. By the 1860s, the Chinese population of Vancouver Island and BC was estimated to be around 7000.Many of the first Chinese migrants were young peasants from southeast China. They laboured under appalling conditions to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. Between 1880 and 1885, 15 000 Chinese labourers unblemished the BC section of the CPR, but more than 600 workers died during the construction stage. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were more than 17000 settlers in Canada. From 1988 to 1993, more than 167 000 Hong Kong immigrants set tled in Canada, By 2001, 82% of people of Chinese origin lived in one of these two provinces.By the start of the 21st century, the 2006 census showed that there were 1 346 510 people of Chinese ancestry living in Canada. The Chinese are the third largest ethnic group in Canada, afterwards the English and French. The major periods of Chinese immigration (from 1858 to 1923 and since 1947) shows changes in the Canadian Government Immigration Policy. From 1885, Chinese immigrants were induce to pay a $50 entry fee or head impose before beingness admitted into Canada. The Chinese were the just ethnic group to pay a tax to enter Canada.By the 1900s, in response to agitation in BC, the Liberal political sympathies restricted Chinese immigration by upbringing the head tax to $100 per person. After the 1903 session of Parliament passed legislation raising the head tax to $500, the number of Chinese who paid the head tax dropped from 4719 to 8 people. Current Situation Chinese immigrant s in the 21st century come to Canada for a better information, freedom and hopes to start a new life. The education system in China does not incorporate both physical activity and studying.However, some immigrants only come to Canada to leech money from the government by buying land. Statistics 72% born outside of Canada 45% born in Peoples Republic of China 30% born in Hong Kong 10% born in Taiwan 85% can either speak French or English Why did the Chinese decide to immigrate to Canada? The year 1858 marked the start of the Chinese immigration to Canada. None of the colonies at that time had immigration restrictions. The ? rst wave of Chinese immigrants to arrive in Canada were in? uenced by various push and kink factors.The push factors were ? oods, and wars in China which made it dif? cult for people to grow crops for food, live in arctic and peace, and make a living. Pull factors for Canada were related to the slow growth of the young country. New settlements and industr ies often had a shortage of workers. British Columbia was very distant from Europe and eastern North America which meant that China was the largest source of low-cost labour.Other factors such as efforts of labour recruiters and in? uence of family and village networks also in? uenced the decision to migrate to Canada. Most Chinese immigrants in the last quarter of the 19th century came from a small area in the southern part of China. There were eight regions but only four-spot regions had rich soil. Only ten percent of the land was usable for growing crops. All the districts were heavily populated and farmers often faced natural disasters such as ? oods and droughts. At the end of the 19th century, China was in a political disaster. Poor living conditions led to revolts and wars, including the Opium Wars against the British.Farmers were dragged into armies, crops were ruined and bandit gangs raided villages during these unstable years. The Chinese government could not maintain la w and order in the region. Gold was discovered along the Fraser River in British Columbia during 1858. Thousands of workers, including the Chinese, who worked in the California Gold Rush, immediately came to Canada. Therefore, there was a tremendous need of workers in British Columbia to build roads, clear land and construct railways. They also worked in coal mines, ? sh canneries and on farms.

AP Dashanchurna Essay Example for Free

AP Dashanchurna EssayOperating since 1912, Ayurvedia Pharmacy is bingle of the oldest operating pharmacies in Bangladesh. Despite its immense life, it has failed to make its mark as one of the prominent companies in this country. It has a range of over 100 products and only four of these are prominent. Even among these four, well-nigh are faltering and losing ground to new entrants. AP Dashanchurna (white toothpowder) is one of these products.AP Dashanchurna has been around for a very long time, but it gained popularity after the current owners took over the comp either from the government in the year 1979. It gained the epitome of popularity in the old age 1990-95 when this name was a ho handlinghold name. Regretfully, AP Dashanchurna has not been able to hold on to its glory. AP Dashanchurna is now a losing concern. The company has held onto this product simply because it has been one of the flagship brands of the company for a long time.The problem with AP Dashanchurna is that it has failed to capitalize on its long life and fame. In the meantime, products like Magic Toothpowder, Colgate Toothpowder, Shakti Majan etc have gained significant foothold in the trade. These companies take a more structured approach to identifying the target market and have significantly better marketing communication. AP Dashanshurna has failed because it has not balanced its marketing communication with the target market and hence lost customers. It also failed to make use of its chief strength, the herbal makeup of the products.AP Dashanchurna is launching a new campaign in an effort to reform the product. They are bringing changes in the packaging, going for television commercials and newspaper advertisements. They do not undertake any activities to find out consumer insights, and marketing communications are based only on gut thought of the marketers.A set of recommendations have been proposed for AP Dashanchurna. Our recommended marketing campaign is focused on its relevant target market and its perception in the market. The whole marketing mix has been renovated and a new marketing mix has been suggested for AP Dashanchurna. It is judge that this marketing mix will help redeem the products value and perception in its target market.

Impacts of a Borderless Society Essay Example for Free

Impacts of a Borderless Society raiseWe live in a world where geographic boundaries cease to exist when it interposes to goods, services, and even food. We think nada of having freshly squeezed orange juice or kiwis for breakfast, even if we live in New York City with 10-inches of beguile on the ground in the middle of January. We live in an age where everything and anything is available for consumption year-around at your local grocery store. Convenience comes with potentially major ecological and economic impacts that are some(prenominal) positive and negative. For example, the coffee you drink may come from beans imported from Columbia, the sugar you aim may come from India, or the steaks you sear on the grill may have come from Argentina. How much fuel was exhausted transporting these products across the ocean? Were any pesticides utilise? If so, was it done in a sustainable fashion? Were forests modify to arrest room for grazing herds or larger agricultural field s? These are just a few of the many questions we should be asking ourselves when we make our selections at the grocery storeExplore the undermentioned resources in the Kaplan Library, along with the link from the United States Department of Agriculture, to learn more about the foods we rely on and the variety of ways in which we can acquire them.Roosevelt, M. (2006). The Lure of the 100-Mile Diet. Time, 167(24), 78.Cosier, S. (2007). The 100-Mile Diet. E The Environmental Magazine, 18(5), 42.Cooper, C. (2007). 100 miles and counting. viands In Canada, 67(3), 7.Macpherson, C. (2007). You are where you eat. Ascent Magazine, (33), 46.Source United States Department of Agriculture. (2012). The peoples garden. Retrieved from http//www.agribusiness.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?navid=PEOPLES_GARDENFor this assignment, you will write an essay in which you analyze a meal provided to you by your instructor in the weekly announcement. Address the following questions as you write your assignm ent.If you were to purchase each item at a local chain grocery store, where would these items be sourced? For example, where were the fruits, vegetables, and/or meats grown immediately prior to sale? Do not discuss the history or origin of the item i.e., corn or maize originated in Mexico around 2500 BC. Discuss the events and methods of production that allowed your local grocery store to carry these items.What farming methods were likely used to grow these items and how do these methods impact the environment around the farms as salutary as the employees who work indoors these establishments Were the items grown and shipped in from another country? What types of processing and packaging must take place in order for you to be able to purchase the product? If you were to follow the suggestions shared at heart the articles provided above, where could you purchase the items (name ad hoc local places within your community)?If a food item is not available locally, is there an altern ative that you could use as a substitute? Discuss the ecological and economic advantages and disadvantages of purchasing food items that are locally sourced versus those shipped from other areas of the country and from around the world. Use your textbook reading for this unit in order to seek the environmental impacts, and use these to further analyze the impacts our food purchases may have on the environment. The food choices we make have the potential to generate both local and orbicular impacts. This can be summarized in the show Think Globally, Act Locally.Based upon your analysis of the meal provided by your instructor for this assignment, discuss how the choices you make when think and buying meals might change in the future and how your choices, when combined with those of others, can have a global impact. This essay should be a minimum of 1,000-words in APA style format. Provide appropriate acknowledgements and references for any discipline you use in this paper. Your p aper should include a minimum of five sources. These can include those provided within the project directions and the course materials. Be sure to avoid copying and pasting large sections of text from any minded(p) source. For help with citations, refer to the APA Quick Reference.For additional writing help, visit the Kaplan University Writing Center and review the guidelines for research, citation and plagiarismKaplan Writing Center. (2012). Research, citation, and plagiarism. Kaplan University. Retrieved from https//kucampus.kaplan.edu/MyStudies/AcademicSupportCenter/WritingCenter/WritingReferenceLibrary/ResearchCitationAndPlagiarism/Index.aspxBe sure your essay analysis is clearly written, uses correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling, and that the writing is well ordered, logical, unified, as well as original and insightful.

Ireland Social Housing History and Evolution

Ireland cordial living accommodations History and EvolutionI. constitute of t fittings and Figures add-in 1Number of Private Families in Occupation of Tenements of One-Room (1911-1936)Table 2Characteristics of Tenure among Irish HouseholdsTable 3List of The top 10 AHBs by sizeTable 4void rate by type and region in 2011Table 52015-2017 Residential units minimum exigencyTable 6Additional HAP and RAS Units (2015-2020)Figure 1Provision of Local liberty house 2007-2014Figure 2Breakdown of Social accommodate Support in Ireland (Number of Units)Figure 3House completionsII. AbbreviationsRASRental Accommodation schemeHAP lodgement Assistance requitalAHBs sanction living accommodations BodiesCASCapital Assistance designPAAPayment and Availability agreementCALFThe Capital mod Lending FacilityNESDO matter Economic Social Development officeThe development of the Irish house ashes from the iconic period of the 1840s to the 1970s, when a unexampled era of development began in Ireland , laid the foundations for the system today. (CHAPTER 2. 2011, p.54).This literature review outlines the evolution of societal hold in Ireland from the beginning to the present day. It comprises of seven parts. disassemble 1 stands a brief history of tenements in Dublin spend clearance and Dublins corporation house schemes ownership. ruin 2 examines the Social lodgment providers in Ireland. Part 3 gunstocking for cordial accommodate. Part 5 analyzes Social lodgment lend and Demand Part 6 is about Social Housing Need Part 7 describes what the sources of social hold add in Ireland be.2.1 Tenement life. SlumsThe origin of tenements in Dublin may be tracked back as far as the sixteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate when the population probably did not exceed sixty thousand.(Kearns, K.C.2006) The vast majority of the Irish population lived in rural areas. Great famine and industrialization in urban areas had led to a growth in pass admit due to increased population, as well as poor sanitation and the scattering of disease. (Chapter 2. 2011).Between 1841 and 1900 Irelands population declined but Dublins increased from 236,000 to 290,000. Dublins slum areas were the worst in all of Europe for nearly i hundred fifty yrs. Between 1900 and 1938 in that location were oer six thousand tenement houses in Dublin occupied by over one hundred thousand tenement dwellers. Those plurality had occupied spacious Georgian houses cast aside by their original owners who left into peeledly-built suburbs. House prices dropped and went into the hands of landlords who tried to fit houses with as many residents as they could. Dwellings that had once been wiz-family homes were change magnitudely divided into multiple living spaces to accommodate this growing population. It was a logical settlement for the citys lower classes who were simply seeking space to sleep in and shelter. (Kearns, K.C.2006).Tenement dwellings were overcrowded, some areas had 800 people to the acre. In one house lived as many as a hundred persons. Accordingly, in a single tiny room lived fifteen to twenty family members. (Kearns, Kevin C.2006).Table 1 demonstrates how many people lived in a one room tenements. (Census of existence. 1936). Despite the event that Dublins overall density was 38.5 persons per acre the density statistics were astonishingly high as for example Inns Quay 103, Rotunda 113, Mountjoy 127, and Wood Quay 138. Massive population was concentrated in close-knit communities around the Liberties, dockland and Northside.Table 1Source Census of Population 1936The living conditions were hellish. The buildings were not properly master(prenominal)tained and therefore were collapseed, dangerous, and sometimes collapsed, killing occupants. The greatest deterioration and decay that buildings suffered was the second half of the nineteenth century. Those tenement districts were k without delayn as slumlands. (Kearns, K.C.2006).The slums along Church Str eet, Beresford Street, Cumberland Street, Railway Street, Gardiner Street, and passel Street and on Marys Lane were particularly appalling. The worst tenement slums around Liberties were on the Coombe and Francis Street, Cork Street, bedroom Street, and Kevin Street. (Kearns, K.C.2006, p.8).Maintenance and repair of the buildings was very expensive, so only the re importanting wealthy Georgian house residents were able to do so because residents had no financial resources to keep buildings in a prime form. As a result over 60,000 people were in need of re- hold. There was a critical admit shortage.Dublins slums existed until 1940s. (Kearns, K.C.2006)2.2 Slum clearance and Dublins corporation accommodate schemesThe first nationwide system of welfare was formed on The shortsighted Relief (Ireland) Act 1838. Unfortunately system was not able to manage such huge takes of penury and homelessness. (Meghen. 1955, p.44)In the end of 19th century there were a lot of various schemes, and legislation acts such as Public Health Act 1848, Artisans and Laborers Dwellings Act 1875, Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890, etc. clement trusts, Philanthropic trusts, Guinness Trust, Sutton Housing Trust and many others that had to provide affordable and good quality social lodgement and besides housing for the working classes. (Chapter 2. 2011, p.21-25).Despite all efforts the housing shortages were growing and by the 1914 tenement housing situation was so desperate that a real solution was required without delay. (Kearns, K.C.2006).First intentions to promote slum clearance was not successful due to high cost of slum sites and re-housing of households. (Chapter 2. 2011).Only with the creation of the 1913 Housing Bill and the 1932 Housing Act did attention focus on financing slum clearance schemes and the homework of local authority housing for the lower-income classes. For the first time local authorities were empowered to deal straightway with the slum problem in a systematic way. Unfit properties could be officially condemned and acquired compulsorily to be renovated or demolished. (Kearns, K.C.2006, p.21).During the 1940s and 1950s the Corporation has set a target that was a part of slum clearance program, to build four and five-story blocks of flats across the city center. Also at the same time, new-made housing development projects have been implemented in Cabra, Ballyfermot, Crumlin, Glasnevin, Donnycarney and Marino. (Kearns, K.C.2006, p.21).According to the Kennys key (1973) the Irish population had increased from 1,229,000 in 1961 to 1,556,000 in 1971. Migration and economic growth increased need for housing and White Paper (1969) estimated that 15-17,000 houses would be compulsory by the mid-1970s annually.2.3 OwnershipIn the nearly 20th century only 20% of all Irish population were the owners of their houses and the rest 90% have rented their accommodation. (Sirr L. 2014).Home ownership quelled agitation for three reasons ha ving modify living conditions removed a primary cause of protest and discontent a regular income was needed in order to maintain the newly owned home in respectable manner, which implied the requirement to be in work and home owners were less likely to strike or protest due to fact that they now had something to lose-their homes. (Sirr L. 2014. p3).There was a various sales and taxation schemes that encouraged and facilitated Home ownership. (Sirr L. 2014). Over the shape of years Ireland become as a nation of home owners. (Goodbody. 2015, p.15).However there are new generation of renters, not forced, but wanting to rent for personal and professional reasons, and the hidden rented sector is now replete with people who choose to rent, not because they couldnt get a mortgage but because they do not want to own a property. (Sirr L. 2014. p6).The table 2 below shows the number of renters increased during decade. Goodbody states that in 2011, there were 29% of households rent, with 18 .5% of those in the private sector. (2015)Table 2Source Goodbody 2015More people are now renting, while people on lowest incomes are squeezed out of the relatively small renting grocery store and are at greater risk of homelessness. (Irish Times, 8 Oct, 2015)In 2011 the National Economic and Social Council stated that the main forthcoming providers of new social housing go out be the housing associations. (2014). There are three main providers of social housing accommodation in IrelandLocal authorities are the largest providers of social housing that pretermit for nearly 120 years and controlled approximately 137,000 dwellings in 2014. The provision of social housing units by local authorities which is evident from Figure 1.Figure 1Source Department of the Environment, Community and Local GovernmentApproved Housing Bodies (AHBs). There are some 500 in Ireland that manage approximately 27,000 homes. Until 2011 AHBs were 100% funded by organisation under Capital Assistance Schem e (CAS). The top 10 are listed by size in the table 3 below.Table 3Source Housing Agency, 2014Private rental sector provides accommodation for 74,000 households supported by Rent add.(Environment, Community and Local Government. 2014).The breakdown of housing support in Ireland is demonstrated in a Figure 2.Figure 2Source The Social Housing dodging 2020According to Social housing newsletter published in 2012 there are the main grant funding schemes in IrelandLocal authority science/construction program. By this programme local authorities buy or construct new housing units. Government provides 100% capital grant.Capital Assistance Scheme (CAS). Operates since 1984. Funding up to 100%. Scheme is for AHBs that provide housing for people with specific needs i.e. elderly, homeless people, and people with disabilities.Payment and Availability Agreement (PAA). This programme is designed to assist Approved Housing Bodies that make their properties available for use as social housing fo r around 30 years.Capital Advance Leasing Facility (CALF) Provides a long-term giving medication impart for a 25 year period with a simple fixed interest rate of 2% per annum. Established in 2011.The Housing Finance Agency Provides loan to local authorities and AHBs social housing and other housing-related purposes. Established in 1982.Commercial lenders. Some interest in lending to the sector with a maximum duration of 7-10 years have shown Bank of Ireland, Allied Irish Bank and Ulster Bank.(Fund Structuring Services closing Report, 2014)The Social Housing Leasing Initiative Launched in 2009. Properties are leased from private property owners. The purpose is to provide accommodation to those on social housing waiting lists.The Capital Advanced Lending Facility (CALF). This is along-term government loan, when 30 per cent of the total funding required is covered by government, and balance is covered from a financial institution. Introduced in 2011 and is for term of in the midst of 10 and 30 years.5.1 DemandDemand for housing will continue to increase. According to new figures from the Housing Agency homes that were built in Dublin last year only met half of the exact. Irelands population increased by 30% in the last 20 years. At the moment approximately 4.6 million people live in a country. It is the highest population for 150 years. An increasing population and a declining household size will both increase demand for housing units. (2015).National Economic Social Development office (NESDO) defines the factors that stimulate housing demandEconomic growthdemographic developmentsPatterns of income distributionThe level and distribution of wealthThe cost and availability of financeFiscal policyThe level of housing stock.According to Goodbodys research, to meet demand the housing append needs to increase. (2015)5.2 SupplyThe Irish housing market experienced an oversupply due to an overbuilding in the 2000s boom years. As a result 11.5% of the housing stock was vacant in 2011. But at the same time there was significant supply shortages in Dublin standing at 5%. (Goodbody. 2015). Table 4 demonstrates vacancy rate by type and region in 2011.Table 4Source Goodbody 2015In recent years demand for social housing has been rising due to increased population. Table 5 below outlines that almost 21,000 additional residential units are required to be supplied each year over the next three years to meet demand.Table 5Source Housing Agency. observation post for 2015-17Factors that may affect the slow supplyConstruction sector capacityThe dental plate of price declinesFundingPlanningBuilding regulationsThere are now 100,000 people on the social housing waiting list. Government announced recently that it will supply 35,000 additional housing units over the next six years as part of its Social Housing system. In 2014 Irish housing completions grew by 33% to 11,000 units (Goodbody. 2015) as the figure 3 shows belowFigure 3Source Goodbody 2015The Iris h housing market has changed radically in recent years and the existing framework underpinning the supply and funding of social housing supports is no longer adequate to address housing need.(Coffey, 2004).The Environment, Community and Local Government (2014) excludes six main groups in the Housing Needs AssessmentRenting with Rent Supplement (47%)Renting without Rent Supplement (26%)Living with Parents (18%)Emergency Accommodation for Homeless People (2%)People with Disability (4%)It is estimated that c.40% of households in the private rental sector are in receipt of some form of government support. (Goodbody. 2015, p.16).7.1 Sources of social housing supply in IrelandRent Supplement was started in 1970s as a short-term housing or welfare support. (Sirr L. 2014, p.79). It has played a central role in the expansion of the private rented sectorp31 and has become more and more important for low-income tenants. (Sirr L. 2014, p.31). Rent Supplement is paid to people who are jobless a nd whose main income comes from social welfare payments. In other words it is payable for those who cannot provide accommodation from their own resources. People who are in full-time employment cannot claim Rent Supplement. (Sirr L. 2014, p.80)Rental Accommodation Scheme (RAS) was established in 2004 for those who were acquire Rent Supplement for long time (eighteen months or longer). If Social housing was not available, they were accommodated in a private rented dwellings which were leased by local government for four to ten years. (Sirr L. 2014p31). Contracts were drawn up mingled with Local authorities and Landlords to provide housing for people with a long-term housing need. Rent is between 88 and 92 per cent of the market rent and is paid forthwith to the landlord. (Citizens information, 2012).Housing Assistance Payment (HAP) is a new social housing support that replaced Rent Supplement introduced in 2014. Rent is immediately paid to the Landlord by Local authority. (Citize ns information, 2015).Table 6 outlines the number of households that are expected to be accommodated directly under HAP and RAS during 2015-2020.Table 6Source Environment, Community and Local Government (2014)Social Housing Strategy 2020 attend for the Environment, Community and Local Government Alan Kelly said that Working together, and through combining public, voluntary and private investment, we can provide our growing population with the required level of quality, affordable homes. (2014)The strategy responds robustly to that contend by providing a roadmap that will accommodate 90,000 households, the entire Housing Waiting List, by 2020. (Coffey, 2004). It has a new vision to provide an access to secure, good quality and affordable housing every household in Ireland. Over a period of six years should be provided 35,000 new social housing units, also 75,000 households should be supported through the private rental sector. (Environment, Community and Local Government. The Social Housing Strategy 2020 Support, Supply and Report. 2014).Environment, Community and Local Government states that their plans should be delivered during two phases Phase 1, building on cypher 2015, sets a target of 18,000 additional housing units and 32,000 HAP/RAS units by end 2017. Phase 2 sets a target of 17,000 additional housing units and 43,000 HAP/RAS units by end 2020.(2014).Census of Population, (1936), Online. obtainable http//www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/census1936results/volume1/C,1936,Vol,1.pdf Accessed sixth October 2015.Chapter 2, (2011) Outline of the Development of the Irish Housing System Online. for sale http//www.nuigalway.ie/media/housinglawrightsandpolicy/Chapter-2-Outline-of-the-Development-of-the-Irish-Housing-System-Housing-Law,-Rights-and-Policy.pdf Accessed 6th October 2015.Citizens information (2012) Rental Accommodation Scheme Online. Available http//www.citizensinformation.ie/en/housing/local_authority_and_social_housing/rental_accommodation_schem e.html Accessed 7th October 2015.Coffey, P TD see of State Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government (2014). In Environment, Community and Local Government. The Social Housing Strategy 2020 Support, Supply and Report. Online. 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(2006) Dublin Tenement Life An Oral History of the Dublin Slums. Gill Macmillan Ltd.Kelly. A TD Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government (2014). In Environment, Community and Local Government. The Social Housing Strategy 2020 Support, Supply and Report. Online. Available http//www.environ.ie/en/PublicationsDocuments/FileDownLoad,39622,en.pdf Accessed 30th September.Kenny J. 1973 Committee on the Price of Building, DublinLorcan, S (2014) Renting in Ireland The Social, Voluntary and Private SectorsMeghen, P.G (2011) Building the Workhouses, In Chapter 2, Outline of the Development of the Irish Housing SystemOnline. Available http//www.nuigalway.ie/media/housinglawrightsandpolicy/Chapter-2-Outline-of-the-Development-of-the-Irish-Housing-System-Housing-Law,-R ights-and-Policy.pdf Accessed fifth October 2015.National Economic Social Development office, Housing in Ireland Performance and Policy Background Analysis. The demand for housing in Ireland. Online Available http//files.nesc.ie/nesc_background_papers/NESC_112_bg_3.pdf. Accessed 5th October 2015.Norris, M. (2014) Policy drivers of the retreat and revival of private renting Regulation, finance, taxes and subsidies. In Lorcan, S. Renting in Ireland The Social, Voluntary and Private SectorsOConnor, N (2015) Housing crisis Ireland needs five to 10 new Ballymun as soon as possible. Irish Times, 8th OctoberRedmond. D (2014) The private rented sector and rent gear The emergence and development of social housing. In Lorcan. S. Renting in IrelandThe Social, Voluntary and Private SectorsThe Irish Council for Social Housing (2012) Social Housing Newsletter Budget 2012 Report. Impact on Social Housing online Available http//www.icsh.ie/sites/default/files/attach/publication/385/socialhousing- winter2011.pdf Accessed 1st October 2015White Paper (2011) Housing Progress and Prospects. In Chapter 2 Outline of the Development of the Irish Housing System Online. 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