The Bachelor: Expectations For Love Essay -- reality TV, culture

What does the show, The Bachelor, say about our expectations for love in our culture?The front for love is a dilemma most people be faced with at some point. Many different materiality shows have been released over the historic period focusing on relationships. However the television show, The Bachelor, takes reality T.V. go out to the next level. Different from most dating reality T.V. shows, the participants on The Bachelor atomic number 18 spirit for much more than just a relationship the end goal is a proposal. The show revolves around a single bachelor who is essentially dating an entire group of woman, typically starting the first episode with around 25. As the show advances the bachelor eliminates women by not offering them a rosaceous during the ceremony. All of the women that do receive a rose are invited to stay another week at the house while continuing to go on dates with the same man. Early in the season, the bachelor goes on large group dates with all of women at once but as the season progresses the remaining women are also invited on one-on-one dates. The problem with this show is that it depicts love in an illogical way. Because she is the last woman, the bachelors logic dictates that she must be the mighty woman for him. The women and the bachelor of the show are whisked away to romantic and tropical areas to live while dating each other. Aside from the fact that the man these women are dating also is dating 24 other women, the participants in this show are completely removed from actual reality. There is no strain or issues that they have to work through like the real world with honest relationships. In this paper I will explain the issues with The Bachelor and what affects it has on our culture. My look for question is What does... ... together. Just because a person feels passionate love does not mean it leads to companionate love. The Bachelor leads our culture to believe that simply by propensity to be with someone means you are in love. If our culture continues to attempt to keep up with the definition of love according to The Bachelor then real love, companionate love, might fade out all together. Works CitedMickel, E., & Hall, C. (2008). Choosing to Love The Essentials of Loving (Presents and Problems). International journal of reality therapy, 27(2), 30-34.Kito, M. (2005). Self-Disclosure In Romantic Relationships And Friendships Among American And Japanese College Students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(2), 127-140.Sassler, S, F Addo, and D Lichter. The Tempo of Sexual Activity and Later Relationship Quality. Journal of Marriage & Family 74.4 (2012) 708-725.

Shiloh :: essays research papers

ShilohThere argon several elements of literature that can be analyzed when discussing a good short or long story. The elements are plot, characterization, theme, setting, point of view, irony and symbolism. I read the short story Shiloh and have chosen to discuss the plot of this story. This is a great story expressing the focus miscommunication in a marriage can tear the marriage apart. This is story is told in the first person by Leroy Moffitt. He is the main character who deals with conflicts deep down himself, his wife, and the environment around him. Shiloh first begins discussing how Norma Jean Moffitt (one of the main characters) is working at transforming her body by excessively working out. Leroy Mallard, her husband, had been a truck driver 15 years of their marriage. Now he is no longer driving truck, has suffered a highway injury to his leg and is in a wheel run at home. The first conflict in this story is between Leroy and his distance from his wife for such a long time. Mrs. Moffitt has been trying to cope with her husbands absence by doing other activities such as working out, going back to school, and visiting with her mother. Another conflict resides within Leroy himself. He has not been there for his wife and he is trying to make it up to her in any way he can. This couple has been through the loss of an infant child in addition to Leroys absence. This is another issue that is causing them to experience the conflicts they do. Mr. and Mrs. Moffitt do not speak of this lost child, which causes more conflict between their marriage together. Leroy, once being settled at home with nothing to do, began to work with his hands to construct or design objects. He wanted to build his wife a log cabin as he was making replicas out of toothpicks. I sound off him wanting to build this house is to prove to himself and his wife that he can still be productive and good for something. The relationship Leroy has with Norma Jeans mother is quite different. Any time she comes around, he makes jokes instead of having real conversation with her. I think he makes the jokes to ease the tension and to not address real issues that are present. Leroy has also stated that all those years driving in the same approximation he did not take the time to notice how much it had changed.

Divine Comedy - Dante and Virgils Relationship in Canto XIV of Dante’s

Dante and Virgils Relationship in Canto XIV of Dantes Inferno In Canto XIV of Dantes Inferno, Virgil describes the statue of the Old composition of Crete. Dante uses the Old Man of Crete as a metaphor for Virgils legacy in order to elucidate the nature of Dantes and Virgils relationship.In the beginning of the metaphor, Dante carefully and methodically illustrates the grandeur of the Greek empire and Roman civilization. Mount Ida was once chosen, Virgil explains, as a trusted cradle/ by nandu for her son (XIV.100-101). According to Roman mythology, Rhea gave birth to Zeus, who ultimately became the father of all Greek gods and mortal heroes and served as the cornerstone of Greek civilization. Crete, thus, is the cradle or birthplace of Greek civilization. In the Aeneid, Crete is also the birthplace of the Roman civilization, a concept that is important because it already begins to point to the greatness of Virgil and his homeland. The position of the statue of the Old Man provides a straightforward glimpse of the status of Rome and the legacy of Virgil. Standing straight and erect (XIV.104), the Old Man looks at Rome with his back glum toward Damietta (XIV.104-105). The statues back faces Damietta, an ancient city in Egypt. Whats to a greater extent important, though, is that the Old Man is facing Rome. This precise detail makes it clear that Dante the poet wants his contemporary readers to go to bed that Rome is the direction towards which society is converging. The image of the statue looking at Rome as if it were his mirror (XIV.105) drives this point further. Within Rome, the Old Man sees a construction of all of his characteristics Rome is a natural extension of all the great aspects of the Greek culture, including... ...to the Romans. Virgil is the conduit through which the tradition of Homeric poets and Greek literature flows. On the otherwise hand, Dante also seems to be describing the deterioration of Virgils legacy the Old Man is of choicest i ron/ except for his right foot, made of baked clay and he rests more on this than on the left (XIV.109-111). Furthermore, down that fissure there are disunite that drip (XIV.113). The tears are metaphors for the flowing away of Virgils legacy. The tears form the rivers of hell, which suggests that Dante is using Virgils description of hell as a basis for his own vision. By doing so, he builds his reputation but takes away from Virgils fame. Dante must stand on his own feet, which is the reason why the Old Man is leaning on his crumbling, baked clay foot. Dantes challenge, then, is upholding Virgils legacy while building up his own.

Social Contradictions in Fyodor Dostoyevskys Notes from the Underground :: Notes from the Underground Essays

Social Contradictions in Fyodor Dostoyevskys Notes from the Underground Notes from the Underground, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky is a truly remarkable novel. Dostoyevskys novels probe the cause of human action. They questioned constituted wisdom of what drove humans and offered insight into the inner workings and torments of the human soul. In Notes from Underground, Dostoyevsky relates the viewpoints and doings of a very peculiar man. The man is peculiar because of his need of self-respect, his sadistic and masochistic tendencies, and his horrible delight in inflicting emotional pain on himself and others. Almost instantly the reader is forced to hate this man. He has no redeeming value, all of his insights into human nature argon ghastly, and once he begins the narrative of his life, the reader begins to actively hate and pity him. The reader is forced to postulate why Dostoyevsky would bother writing about this troubling man and his problems. The answer is that Dostoyevsky does not believe in the norms confederacy sets for people. This man is the absolute opposite of eitherthing society holds to be acceptable. Here is a man, with intelligent insight, lucid perception, who is a self-admitted to be sick, depraved, and hateful. A man who at every turn is determined to thwart every chance fate offers him to be happy and content. A man who actively seeks to punish and humiliate himself. Dostoyevsky is showing the reader that man is not governed by values which society holds to be all important. The point of Notes from Underground more than anything else is that humans actions cannot be calculated. Dostoyevsky implies that in society everyone acts in their own self-interest. They act to gain advantages which are in their own self-interest. He asks the reader to take that as a given. Society sees happiness, freedom, prosperity, etc. as distinct advantages. These things should be in ones self-interest, society says. If individual say, rapes another person, they ar e not acting in their own self interest. They are chairning the risk of feeling guilty, guilt is not conducive to happiness. They run the risk of being thrown into toss out. Jail is not a place where one can be prosperous or free. Therefore going to jail or feeling guilty are not in ones self interest, according to societys values. A person who conforms to these values, logically, would not rape anyone.

The Neglect Of The Native American Indian :: essays research papers

      Nearly every Native American Indian tribe has experienced some kind of neglect or discrimination. The white man has forcefully moved tribes from their homes, broken treaties that were promised to them, and senselessly slaughtered thousands of innocent Indian men, women, and children. This kind of neglect is what led to the Battle of Little Bighorn Creek, a battle that is talked about in The Great Plains, the book I chose my topic from. The reason this subject touched me personally is because almost everyone who presently lives on the Great Plains has a certain percentage Indian blood running through their veins, including myself. The neglect of the Native American Indian in America has been a problem for generations, but it is a bump of our history as Americans and therefore worth studying.       Although everyone should be involved in finding out more(prenominal) about this subject, historians and the ancestors of Indians who have be en neglected have a tendency to be the more interested than others. Historians, like Edward Sherrif Curtis, the writer of "The North American Indian", are aroused by the mysterious past of the Indians. Their quirkiness is what drives them to devote their entire lives to find out more about this historic past time. Curtis, for example, devoted more than thirty years of his life, following, living with, and taking more than forty thousand pictures of eighty different Indian tribes (Curtis, par.1). Another well-known seekers of Indian information are the Indians themselves. Their drive comes from keeping their heritage alive and prominent justice to their ancestors who were mistreated by the senselessness of the white man. One of their goals is to share the wealth of information that has been passed down from their elders, to help us better understand their personal manner of life.     During my research on this topic, I found that there is a vast amount of information out there, and it can be found almost anywhere. The net income is where I began my search. Websites that talk about the history of the Indians like, Eyewitness History through the eyes who lived it, Tour of the Florida Territory during the Seminole (Florida) Wars, 1792-1859, and Bitterroot National Forest of Western metric ton were very useful tools for writing this paper. They talked about the hardships of the Indians, the wars they were in, how those wars were started, and how the tribes in those wars have been mistreated.

Fear of Pregnancy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein

Fear of Pregnancy in Frankenstein Frankenstein can be read as a tale of what happens when a man tries to create a child without a woman. It can, however, also be read as an account of a womans anxieties and insecurities about her own creative and reproductive capabilities. The story of Frankenstein is the first articulation of a womans experience of pregnancy and related fears. Mary Shelley, in the development and education of the monster, discusses child development and education and how the nurturing of a loving parent is extremely important in the moral development of an individual. Thus, in Frankenstein, Mary Shelley examines her own fears and thoughts about pregnancy, childbirth, and child development. Pregnancy and childbirth, as head as death, was an integral part of Mary Shelleys young adult life. She had four children and a miscarriage that almost killed her. This was all before the age of twenty-five. Only integrity of her children, Percy Florence, survived to adulthoo d and outlived her. In June of 1816, when she had the waking nightmare which became the catalyst of the tale, she was only nineteen and had already had her first two children. Her first child, Clara, was born prematurely February 22, 1815 and died March 6. Mary, as any woman would be, was devastated by this and took a long time to recover. The following is a letter that Mary wrote to her friend Hogg the day that the baby died. 6 March 1815 My dearest Hogg my baby is dead - will you come to gain vigor me as soon as you can - I wish to see you - It was perfectly well when I went to bed - I awoke in the night to give it suck it appeared to be sleeping so quietly that I would not awake it - it was dead then but we did not find that out till mornin... ...loom, Harold. Mary Shellys Frankenstein. New York Chelsea, 1987. Garber, Frederick. The Autonomy of the Self from Richardson to Huysmans. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1982. Levine, George. The Endurance of Frankenstein. Los Angeles Moers, 1974. Marder, Daniel. Exiles at hearth A Story of Literature in Nineteenth Century America. Lanham University Press of America, Inc., 1984. Patterson, Arthur Paul. A Frankenstein Study. http//www.watershed.winnipeg.mb.ca/Frankenstein.html Smith, Christopher. Frankenstein as Prometheus. http//www.umich.edu/umfandsf/class/sf/books/frank/papers/FrankCS.html trip up, Muriel. Mary Shelly. New York Dutton, 1987. Spark and Stanford. My Best Mary. New York Roy,1944. Williams, Bill. On Shelleys Use of Nature Imagery. http//www.umich.edu/umfandsf/class/sf/books/frank/papers/FrankWJW.html

Exception to Rule of Law Article 14

ExceptionToRuleOFLaw The above rule of comparability is however not an absolute rule and there ar account exception to it vEquality of Law does not convey the power of the private citizens are the homogeneous as the power of the public officials. Thus a police police officer has the power to arrest you while no other private person has this power. This is not violation of rule of jurisprudence. But rule of law does require that these powers should be clearly defined by law and that abuse of authority by public officers must be punished by ordinary courts.The rule of law does not pr crimsont certain class of persons being subject to special rules. Thus members of armed forces are controlled by military rules. Similarly medical practitioners are controlled by medicalcouncilofIndia Certain members of society are governed by special rules in their profession i. e. lawyers, doctors, nurses, members of armed forces and police. much(prenominal) classes of people are enured contr arylyfromordinarycitizens. bind 14 Permits Classification But Prohibits Class Legislation The equal protection of laws guaranteed by Article 14 does not mean that all laws must be general in character.It does not mean that the same laws should apply to all persons. It does not attainment or circumstances in the same position. The varying needs of different classes of persons often requires separate treatment. From the vary nature of society there should be different laws in different places and the legitimate controls the policy and enacts laws in the best pertain of the safety and security of the plead. In item identical treatment in unequal circumstances would amount to inequality. So a fair categorization is precisely not permitted but is necessary if society is to progress.Thus what Article 14 forbids is class- economy but it does not forbid reasonable categorization. The classification however must not be arbitrary ,artificial or evasive but must be based on some real an d substantial bearing a just and reasonable comparison to the object seek to be achieved by the formula. Article 14 applies where equals are treated differently with surface any reasonable basis. But where equals and unequals are treated differently, Article 14 does not apply. Class legislation is that which makes an improper discrimination by conferring particular privileges upon a lass of persons arbitrarily selected from a large number of persons all of whom stand in the same relation to the privilege granted that between whom and the persons not so favored no reasonable distinction or substantial difference can be found justifying the inclusion of one and the exclusion of the other from such privilege. TestOfReasonableClassification While Article 14 frobids class legislation it does not forbid reasonable classification of persons, objects, and transactions by the legislature for the inclination of achieving specific ends.But classification must not be arbitrary ,artificial o r evasive. It must always rest upon some real upon some real and substantial distinction bearing a just and reasonable relation to the object sought to be achieved by the legislation. Classification to be reasonable must fulfil the following two conditions Firstly the classification must be founded on the intelligible differentia which distinguishes persons or thing that are grouped together from others left out of the group Secondly the differentia must have a demythologized relation to the object sought to be achieved by the act.The differentia which is the basis of the classification and the object of the act are two distinct things. What is necessary is that there must be nexus between the basis of classification and the object of the act which makes the classification. It is only when there is no reasonable basis for a classification that legislation making such classification may be declared discriminatory. Thus the legislature may fix the age at which persons shall be deemed competent to arrive between themselves but no one will claim that competency.No contract can be made to depend upon the stature or colour of the hair. Such a classificationwillbearbitrary. The true meaning and scope of Article 14 have been explained in a number of casesby the imperious court. In view of this the propositions set(p) down in Damia case still hold good governing a valid classificationandareasfollows. 1. A law may be constitutional even though it relates to a single psyche if on account of some special circumstances or reasons applicable to him and not applicable to others, that single various(prenominal) may be treated as a class y itself 2. There is always presumption in favour of the constitutionality of a statute and the core is upon him who attacks it to show that there has been a clear transgression of constitutional principles. 3. The presumption may be rebutted in certain cases by showing that on the fact of the statue, there is no classification and no di fference peculiar to any individual or class and not applicable to any other individual or class, and yet the law hits only a particular individual or class 4.It must be assumed that Legislature correctly ensure and appreciates the need of its own people that its law are directed to problem made manifest by experience and that its discrimination are based on adequategrounds 5. In order to sustain the presumption of constitutionality the court may take into consideration maters of common knowledge, matters of report, the history of the times and may assume every state of facts which can be conceived existing at the time of the legislation. 6. Thus the legislation is free to recognize degrees of harm and may confine its restriction to those cases where the need is deemed to be the clearest. . While good faith and knowledge of the existing conditions on the part of a legislature are to be presumed, if there is nothing on the take care of the law or the surrounding circumstances broug ht to the notice of the court on which the classification may reasonable be regarded as based, the presumption of constitutionality cannot be carried to finale always that there must be some undisclosed and unknown reason for subjecting certain individuals or corporation to be hostile or abrupt legislation 8. The classification may be made on different bases e. . geographical or according to object or occupation or the like. 9. The classification made by the legislature need not be scientifically perfect or logically complete. Mathematical nicety and perfect equality are not required. Equality before the law does not require mathematical equality of all persons in all circumstances. Equal treatment does not mean identical treatment. Similarly not identity of treatment is enough. 10. There can be discrimination both in the substantive as well as the procedural law.Article 14 applies to both. If the classification satisfies the establish laid down in the above propositions, the law will be declared constitutional. The question whether a classification is reasonable and proper and not must however, be judged more on commonsense than on legal subtitles. Cases D. S. Nakarav. UnionOfIndia The Government issued an office memorandum announcing a liberalized aid organization for retired government servants but made it applicable to those who had retired after 31 March 1979.The supreme court held that the fixing of the cut off date to be discriminatory as violating Article 14. The devision of pensioners into two classes on the basis of the date of retirement was not based on any rational principle because a difference of two days in the matter of retiremnt could hav a traumatic effect on the pensioner. Such a classification held to be arbitrary and unscrupulous as there was no acceptable or persuasive reason in its favour. The said classification had no rational nexus with the object sought to achieved.MadhuLimayev. Supdt. TiharJailDelhi There were Indian and Euro pian Prisoners. Both were treated differently. Europian gets better diet. Court held that difference between Indian and Europian prisoners in the matter of treatment and diet violates right to equality under Article 14 of Indian prisoners. They all are prisoners they must treat equally. SanaboinaSatyanarayanv. Govt. ofA. P In Andra Pradesh. They formulate a scheme for prevention of crime against women.In prisons also prisoners were classify in to two category first Prisoners fineable of crime against women and second prisoners who are not guilty of crime against women. Prisoners who are guilty of crime against women challenge the court saying that there right to equality is deprived. Court held that there is resoanble classification to achieve some objective. TamilNaduElectricityBoardv. Veeraswamy The employee were governed by the contributory thrifty fund scheme. With effect from 1-7-1986 a scheme was introduced.The question was whether the pension scheme ought to be applied to those who had already retired before the introduction of the pension scheme the supreme court rejected the claim. As per the rules prevalent at the time the retirees had received all their retiral benefits. If the pension scheme was made applicable to all past retirees, the resulting monetary burden would be Rs200 crore which would be beyond the capacity of employer. The reason given for introducing the scheme was financial constraint- a valid ground.The court held that retired employees and those who were in employment on 1-7-1986 cant be treated alike as they do not belong to one class. Te workmen who had retired and received all the benefits under the contributory foresighted fund scheme cease to be employees of the applellant board w. e. f. the date of their retirement. They form a separate class. Thus there was no illegality in introducing the pension scheme and not making it applicable retrospectively to those who hadretiredbeforethedate. ConclusionWhat article 14 forbids is discrimination by law that is treating persons similarly circumstanced differently and treating those not similarly circumstanced in the same way or as has been pithily put treating equals as unequals and unequals as equals. Article 14 prohibits hostile classification by law and isdirectedagainstdiscriminatoryclasslegislation. A legislature for the purpose of dealing with the complex problem that arise out of an infinite variety of human relations cannot but proceed on some sort of endurance or classification of persons upon whom the legislationistooperate.Its is well settled that Article 14 frobid classification for the purpose of legislation. Its is equally well settled that in order to meet the test of Article 14 (i)classification must be based on intelligible differentia which distinguishes persons or things that are grouped together from those that are left out of group and(ii)the differentia must have a rational nexus to the objects sought to be achieved by the executive or legislative action under challenge. Article 14 contains a guarantee of equality before law to all persons and protection to them against discrimination by law. It forbids class legislation.

Tektronix Global Erp Implementation

1. Why did Tektronix implement ERP in stages? How should a company decide on implementing in stages or going banging-bang? Tektronix implemented the ERP in many waves. Each wave delivered a specific functionality for a particular division or geographical region. The concept of waves was important * implementing in waves allowed to obtain regular feedback * flexibility in scheduling e. development at MBD took much longer than anticipated except due to the wave concept there were no major delays in the whole meet * easier to gain overall acceptance it is able to show already first benefits * implement together what is similar allows a to a greater extent smooth process * frequent victories kept the team moral high and ensured that the Board keep to support the high cost and long timeline of implementation * start with an area that effects all divisions or the division with the lowest complexity a continues encyclopaedism process. Roll out started with one country (US) after th at was successful with key region in Europe and than in larger waves that were implemented more or less together Big bang implantation only for smaller companies with lower complexity or in strongly centralized organization. With a big bang implementation the company looses some of the flexibility of the wave approach and faces higher risks. 2. How did Tektronix manage the risks of ERP implementation? Project head committee In revise to make sure that the overall goals were achieved, a steering committee was created that refined the companys vision to develop a global business mode.The steering committee set out the overarching guidelines to which the system needed to adhere in order to be successful. In addition, they defined Business Pratice Changes and Guiding Principles to provide more concrete directions for the implementation. Project organization and management To implement these major changes, each of the three divisions had its own worldwide implementation of Order Manage ment. The project team include strong leaders of each business division and Neun was given unlimited authority on the implementation. Nobody questioned his authority. Project implementationRisks were lessen by implementation of the ERP in several waves. This allowed a continuous learning process and the independent implementation for the three business divisions. Starting with the division of the lowest complexity allowed later waves to loot from that earlier experience when implementing their special needs. Also there was a more flexible scheduling allowing extended development periods for the individual divisions when required. 3. What is your overall assessment of the Tektronix ERP project? The implementation of the ERP fulfilled all requirements that were initially defined.They never lost track and after implementation were able to improve several processes. Moreover, complexity was strongly reduced and transparency increased, which allowed reducing overall costs. In addition, Tektronix recognized its own limitations and outsourced the whole implementation process. They worked together with several consulting and service firms and contributed different task according to the expertness provides by these firms. This process allowed them to stay focus and to implement the ERP in the most efficient way possible.

Swot: Nokia Mobile Exist

Strengths, flunkes, opportunities, and threats Which is the close to important? Why? How might your response change if you were the CEO of a corporation? What if you were a customer of the firm? An employee? A supplier? Answer The tog out strategy is one of the most useful tools in analysing data and information from the ships company. By using this SWOT tool, company pass on know itself clearly that which part is powerful, what to improve, what more can do and what to challenge.In my opinion, Threats is the most important overall because if there is no threats any more, companies will not be worried about the quantity of sales. For example, NOKIA (mobile phone), if there is just NOKIA mobile exist in the mobile world without other types mobile companies kindred SONY ERICSSON or SUMSONG, then people definitely have to buy NOKIA due to it is the only mobile company.As if I were the CEO of a corporation, I would see Opportunities as the most important strategy when I used SWOT, because I need to look for and make the opportunities for my company to help the company gain more benefits. For example, company can increase its scale to become a big-scale company by corporate acquisition, and to do so, I, CEO of the company, need to seek for the opportunities for it, thus I take Opportunities is the most important.I will choose Strengths as the most important strategy if I were the customer of the firm. As customer, I would like to compare the products or serve among several companies and then purchase for the greatest one. For example, buying skin care products, I will buy the product that I used as the most comfortable, soft and effective for my skin even if others are cheaper however, if I were the employee for the firm, I would say weakness is the most important for me.This is because I need to know what the weakness while Im working, and then I will try my best to fix and improve it. This can be done by customer feedback and after-sale services. For being a supplier to the firm, I would look at the Threats first. This is because I have to make sure that firm will make orders from me and one of the important problem is the corporation of competitors. This make the Threats as the most important thing that I would face.

Mission vision Essay

IntroductionThis assignment is prepared to find out the flush, imaginativeness and value statements of some organizations from different industries. In this assignment I leave also try to find out whether these firms put emphasize on quality in their vision and mission statement. This report looked into the mission, vision and value statements of McDonalds, till of America, Rangs Group, BRAC University and IBA, University of Dhaka. Mission statementA mission statement defines the organizations objective and primary objective. Its function is internal to define the key measure or measures of the organizations success and its prime audience is the leadership team and stock holders. Vision statementA vision statements purpose is to explain the organizations key values and does not refer to bottom line figures. It tells how a particular company believes things should be done. Additionall(a)y, it also gives steering to nodes and employees. A vision statement also tells where the or ganization is heading and how it will complete its operations measure out statementValue statement is an expression of a companys or individuals core beliefs. Companies write the statement to identify and connect with the consumer. Additionally, the declaration allows for the companys staff to be aware of the priorities and goals of the company.Mission and vision statement of different organizationsMcDonaldsMission statementMcDonalds brand mission is to be our customers favorite(a) place and way to eat. Our worldwide operations are aligned around a global strategy called The Plan to win which centers on an exceptional customer experience- People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. We are committed to continuously improving our operations and enhancing our customers experience Value StatementWe place the customer experience at the core of all we doWe are committed to our peopleWe believe in the McDonalds SystemWe operate our melodic phrase ethicallyWe give back to our communiti esWe grow our business profitablyWe strive continually to improveCommentsMcDonalds doesnt have a specific written vision statement. McDonalds value statement specifically mentions the organizations commitment to quality service. McDonalds considers quality as key to ensuring positive consumer experience. McDonalds considers quality, commitment to its staff suppliers and shareholders, ethical business practices and CSR as integral to maintaining its spot as the attention leader.IBA, University of DhakaVision StatementWe strive to be visible among the respected business schools in the world, as we relentlessly pursue the goal of trans public figureing the individual into a caring professional, who can make society just a little better CommentsIBA does not have a specific mission and value statements. The vision statement of IBA does not make any mention of quality. However, the goals stated in the statement require a strong emphasis on quality in order to achieve them.North South Uni versityVision statementThe vision of North South University (NSU) is to become a leading university and remain as a top center of excellence in eminent education and research. It aims at attracting brilliant students, teachers, scholars, and from all over the world. Mission statementThe mission of NSU is to find highly skilled manpower, visionary professional leaders and responsible and enlightened citizens. This mission is achieved by imparting high quality higher education, and training, and by conducting utile research so that individuals can achieve their intellectual, social, and personal potentials. NSU is committed to developing human capital by sharpening creative thinking. In addition to humanity and dissemination of knowledge, its mission includes promotion of humanism and peace through higher education. As a social institution, NSU endeavors to induce changes for betterment of the society as a whole through public services, and through promotion of ethical behavior a nd social justice.CommentsNSU emphasized on quality in their mission statement. They have stated several long term targets for their organization in their vision statement and they have planned to achieve those by imparting higher quality higher education.Bank of AmericaMission StatementBank of America is all about providing people, companies and institutional investors the financial products and services they need to attend achieve their goals at every stage of their financial lives. Our deep experience, broad range of services and global capabilities allow us to deliver comprehensive solutions that admirer customers and clients succeed in todays market and prepare for the future. Vision StatementOur vision is to become the worlds finest financial services company. Value Statement/ Core ValuesWe deliver for our customers, clients and shareholders.We trust in our team.We embrace the power of our people.We act responsibly.We promote opportunity.CommentsBank of America emphasized a percentage about quality in their value statement. Bank of Americas core value statement makes a declaration of quality in the formof consistency to all its constituents. Since, quality is considered a core value by the Bank of AmericaRangs GroupMission and Vision StatementProvide the people of Bangladesh with modern technology by offering quality products and proper after-sales-service through multi distribution channels to make their lives easier, more comfortable and convenient.The objective of our mission is by establishing a congenial working place with content employees and by offering quality products at reasonable prices we want to create a bond with every customer in order to maximize profit through perfect competition. CommentsRangs group does not have a formal value statement. Rangs group places high emphasis on providing quality products and after sales service to its consumers. The group mission and vision statements are stated together. Besides they have emphasized o n the modernization of technology.

Human Computer Interaction Essay

The Human Computer Interaction(HCI) is the field of study of mutual communication between the user and the estimator. This is the field of interaction is equipped by victimisation the user port wine which includes the software system as well as the computer hardware too. All the software which are organism do are enabled with user interface chassis and their implementation. Today, Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows 98 etc.tera are the operating systems which are enabled with graphical user interface. This is besides the human computer interaction.The World Wide Web is alike the example of human computer interaction. The field of the human computer interaction is well highly-developed directly with the advent of new technologies in software and hardware both. With the development in this the field the new terms give care menu, thattons, icons etc are introduced which recite the uses and advantages of human computer interaction. (Brad A. Myers March, 1998 pp. 44-54 ) With the development in application of mobiles the human computer interactions are also increased.The new interface design like touch-screen design of computers and mobiles also has granted a new direction to HCI. The HCI in future has better opportunities with the developing software and hardware. 2) Methodologies and processes for calculating interfaces the HCI design methodologies are developed from early methods like treated users cognitive processes to the new ones like web designing. The methods for designing the HCI always looks for interaction between the user, computer that is the machine and the designers.User centered design is also the method in which e precise aspects like requirements, design etc. are included in which the attention is be paid on cognitive factors. in this design processes the users use through the hyperlink with a very high speed. These models as the name denotes are found on the models which are based on human expectations. The model kitty b e integrated by programming and then preempt be implemented and then the feedbacks can be undertaken for modifications.(HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION p. 1) Paper prototyping is also a method for designing HCI by developing software. It is used for examining and scheming user interface. In this method the drawings of the interfaces are created for design. Its is a useful method as the sketching is faster than the programming. This method can be useful as the persons who do not the programming can also do this. Web design is also a method of designing user interface like web pages, websites etc.using HTML, JAVA as the software toolkits for development of web pages. The web design is used to made websites as graphical user interface(GUI). The web design also implemented to meet the requirement of the website developer as well as the end-user. The web design is based on languages like JAVA, HTML for safety purposes to eliminate the problem like hacking etc. Cognitive method of HCI designi ng is a earlier method but still its very constructive.It is based on analysis of two aspects cognitive exchanges with computers like learning, reading and other aspect is cognitive stuffing, composition etc. In this process the user analysis is done firstly like requirements, tasks etc. This analysis defends the features like memory, perception, requirements etc. The next step is designing and analytical test. This contain the features like language and memory. The last phase is system testing to test the authentication of the system.(Douglas J. Gillan & Nancy J. Cooke p. 1) 3) Methods for implementing interfaces There are many methods of implementing the interfaces like software, research methods, efficient algorithms etc. There are many software tools like windowing systems, toolkits, interface builders etc. These software includes the software like JAVA, Macintosh Toolbox, Visual Basic etc. These software are very beneficial as they have application in HCI designing as well as in other fields also.The software programming is easy to handle as any person can gain knowledge of it. The methods of implementing interfaces using the software is also beneficial as the court is reduced in designing and the modifications can be made very easily. The software used has the advantage that if the new version of software comes in sparkling and the user want the interface based on this new version. hence the interface can be programmed in the new software and interface can be modified.The libraries can also be used to develop the software. The libraries are used to store the data, execute the programs. Then the programs are implemented which are stored in these libraries. These libraries can be connected to share the heavy load of data. With the advancement of these libraries the data is now stored in organized and can be shared in any part of the world. The algorithms are also used for HCI designing as these algorithms are created for systematic workflow.For detaile d representation of the problem which has to be solved has to be studied carefully. This approach is developed by efficient use of the algorithms. 4) Techniques for evaluating and comparing interfaces There are many techniques for evaluating the interfaces design and utilization. There are many criteria for evaluating like EC directives. There are many issues which have to be undertaken for rating of interfaces like controllability, data integrity etc.These factors are mainly used for HCI interfaces evaluation as these are basic factors for designing and comparison of interfaces. The HCI interfaces which are being developed must be user friendly. The techniques which are being used today are EVIDAS II, MUSiC, KABA etc. These are the modish techniques which are used for comparing the interfaces. These techniques are categorized further as user-oriented like MUSiC and product-oriented like EVADIS II(Chris Stary*, doubting Thomas Riesenecker-Caba, J &-g Flecker, pp1-2).These techniq ues undertake various fields like user interface, organization of work, software features etc. These techniques are designed to evaluate the various factors like appropriateness, vigilance of data, failure of interface chances etc. These techniques has developed the chances of improvement in software quality, user-friendly quality, success rate, cost effectiveness etc. The major task is hydrofoil of software for future modification. These HCI interfaces are applicable to group work, this factor is also tested by these techniques.5) Developing new interfaces and interaction techniques The new interfaces which are being designed for the future must includes many features like management and filtering of data, input devices and sensors, learn ability, user satisfaction etc. The Augmented Reality(AR) design is a current one. This design is oriented from the Virtual Reality(VR) design. These design are implemented to reduce the cognitive overhead. ( Andreas D? nser, Raphael Grasset, H artmut Seichter, Mark Billinghurst pp1-5)There are many principles which are being undertaken like affordance, user satisfaction, low physical effort, learn ability, flexibility etc. There might be a switching from 2D to 3D visualization. The HCI may be designed by touch-screen application. The models which are being designed must correlate agree to the needs, task, goals of the user. The 2D screen desktop may be given a new look by 3D view. The HCI may be developed such that they might be connected to mobile and when a e-mail, centre etc.come then the user interface attach directly connect with the processor and the communication system and will inform the user directly. mavin technique may be used by using sensors. When the user wants to switch on the computer or want to give any instruction. Then the sensor which are employed just start their working and obey the order of user. The HCI must respond to the users instruction quickly. The problem of decrease response must be el iminated in order to make new interface more efficient.The error must be eliminated or must be decreased to a zero level. The interface must have the tracking stability. The user-centered design must be improved to AR designs. The user intervention must be taken into account. 6) Developing descriptive and predictive models and theories of interaction The models which are to be developed must be based on the many rouge factors like virtual and augmented reality, tangible user interface, affective computing, sensing interface eye moved based interface , perceptual interface etc.The models are used to design and evaluate the interface technique The graphical user interfaces(GUI) are used today mainly. These interfaces will be modeled according to the needs of the user. The new models will used the basic qualities of the WIMP interface as well as they will work on new advanced techniques like using sensors, 3D environment. The HCI environment must be created such that the communicati on process must be strong.The metaphoric systems are related to the descriptive models and the those which are related to mathematical systems, are towards the predictive models. The predictive models analyze the interface technique with any time-consumption. The descriptive model are different than the predictive models but are used as well like the predictive model. These models does not give the quantitative measure but just provide a scenario to think about the situation of the problem or to describe the problem. These models are used for keyboard interfacing, mouse interfacing etc.( I. Scott MacKenzie, pp. 27-54 ) The models which are based on these models are also modified according to the new theories presented like the use of new methods like digital libraries. 7) Conclusion The human computer interaction is very beneficial today as well as few decades ago when WIMP interfaces were in use. With the advent of new technologies and theories, the new HCI environments has been cr eated and the development in the field of the HCI is going on like 2D to 3D environment on desktop.These all development are due development of new software and techniques which are being used. The latest research strategies like Ethnography is also beneficial for the HCI development. The web application are being developed with the use of new methods. Thus the HCI environment has been developed a lot.References1) Human Computer Interaction, Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. (Online), 4th April, 2007. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-computer_interaction

The Role and Influence of Mass Media

Topic 5 The role and influence of tidy sum media Since the development of technology, batch media becomes an important part of modern society. It influences all areas therefore, it is bringing up a question among people about what are the role and influence of survey media. The term messiness media refers to the channels of communication (media) that exist to reach a large public audience (the mass of the population). Mass media includes newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and more recently, the Internet (Kristin& Susan, 2002).Mass media is an efficient supporter in education, policy, recreation, finance, and all other fields. 1 function of mass media is education. Mass media supplies an enormous source of documentaries on a wide range of topics such as animals, behavior, geography, history, or art (Kristin& Susan, 2002). The information is extremely cooperateful with students at any levels. Additionally, mass media contains many visual documentaries, which understand learners easier to see and use theories rather than just reading text.Secondly, there are many educational childrens programs like teaching children to count or recognize words, or introducing them to different societies and cultures (Kristin& Susan, 2002). There are also many programs which help parent to solve their kids problems. torment vitrine, the book Good parent crappy parenting, which is published by Lulu. com publisher on February 2 in 2004, is one effective product of mass media which help parents to educate their children. The mass media is also a useful aid of policy. Almost all of politicians use the mass media to promote their convinced(p) images or political opinions.There is an example of using the mass media to advertise during his campaign of the United State President Barack Obama The GOP group announced that they were going on air with a $25 zillion of advertising to buy in most of the major battleground states to counter a pro-Obama advertising campaign o f the same amounts (Obama campaign, 2012). Moreover, some ministries use the mass media to infix new policy and to take feedback from the populace. For instance, the Vietnamese Ministry of Transport presented a new policy about taking fare of transport on Monday, January 1st 2012 (The Ministry of transportation, 2012).After a few days, they received many opinions among the public, which included positive and negative feedback so that they could correct this policy. Another important function of the mass media is entertainment. Since the development of the mass media, the entertainment industry has been more and more successful to approach the public. There are many entertainment programs available on TV, radio, or the Internet every day. The sorting of entertainment programs make them suitable for all types of viewers. On TV nowadays, there are some special channels for people interested in travelling, discovering, cooking, shopping, etc.For example, assembly line TV has nearly o ne hundred of channels of all fields, which are very useful. One type of the mass media, advertising, brings benefits to both entertainment industry and economy. totally producers use advertisements to introduce their products to public with an aim to sell goods. However, with the dense appearance of advertisements, advertising net be seen as one type of entertainment. Besides the positive influence, there is so much negative influence of the mass media. Firstly, the mass media contains so much unsuitable content that affect badly everyone, especially the children.Some ferocious programs on TV or on the Internet make children aggressive and make them use violence to solve their problems exactly like what they curb seen on the mass media. A recent review of sixty-seven studies that investigated the influence of TV violence on aggression in children found that three-quarters of the studies claimed to find some association(Kristin& Susan, 2002). One noticeable example about this is sue is about the juvenile criminal named Le Van Luyen. He intended to kill four people in a family to rob their gold (Le Van Luyen kill mercilessly, 2011).His bloody crime was quite a disaster. However, it also has been available in mass media for a long time. Therefore, his images and crime were available on all types of mass media. This led to another terrible crime of a younger criminal named Dao Van Tai. He killed two people to rob property. When being asked by police, he admitted committing this crime by copying the crime of Le Van Luyen (The second frightened murder, n. d). Secondly, mass media sometimes invades peoples privacy. Celebrities and politicians are usually the victims because they receive more concern from society than others.The mass media industry sometimes uses private details to make profits rather than showing the full view of somebodys live to the public hence, mass media public their scandals or bad behaviour. These invasions are bad for their profession or even destroy their reputation. Mass media even is an origin of spreading out secret information of the government. Once the secret information is leaked out, it go away be available all over the world rapidly through mass media. For example, the latest intelligence of the United States, which is flooded in all types of the mass media, is the secret information of the war in Afghanistan.The information really makes the United States nervous. Washington fears it may have lost even more highly erogenous material including an archive of tens of thousands of cable messages sent by US embassies around the world, reflecting arms deals, trade talks, secret meetings and uncensored opinion of other governments (Afghanistan war log, n. d). The mass media may contain misleading information, which has negative impact on the public. Since some information in the mass media is misreporting, misquoting, rumor, or exaggeration, people do not eff which one is reliable therefore, they waste time re ading wrong information.That is so confusing Mass media plays an important role in modern society. It can have positive influence on one side and negative impact on the other side. The public can not refuse its advantages by only seeing the disadvantages of the mass media. However, people must have an overlook to the mass media so that they can take advantages of mass media as much as they can END WORDS COUNT 994 REFERENCE LIST 1. Book Kristine, B. & Susan, H. (2002), Academic encounters- Life in the society, New York, Cambridge. 2. Web documentAfghanistan war logs story potty biggest leak in intelligence history (n. d). Retrieved July 5, 2010, from http//www. guardian. co. uk The second frightened murder in Vinh Phuc (n. d). Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www. kenh14. vn Obama campaign Crossroads ad campaign is dishonest (2012), from http//www. pilitico. com The Ministry of transportation explicate the reasons for fare of transport (2012). Retrieved November 1, 2012, from h ttp//www. vneconomy Le Van Luyen killed mercilessly people (n. d). Retrieved November, 2011, from http//www. vnexpress. net

National Integration

National desegregation is a psychological process. It means a well pucker society in which tot whollyy argon loyal to their republic. It means that every Indian irrespective of caste, creed, verbiage or religion be retentives to India and is proud of his country. National desegregation is very important for the all-round development of the country. In fact, its existence depends on it. at that place are contrary climates in India. Food habits are unalike, crops are different and there is a difference in faiths and belief. They wear different dresses. Even the Indian customs and conventions are vast and varied. The concourse pursue different sects and religions.There is a difference even in the lands. The Union are is very fertile. There are hills and mountain ranges here. In the s bulge outh there are deserts, hills, blunt lands and plateaus. As a result, its soil is different in fertility and nature. The taste and temperament, color, features are all different. There a re fanatic people who create communal disturbances in the name of religion. The states hurt been created on the primer of language formula. In spite of all the diversity in culture, India stands united. It is because our constitution was so designed to devote equal corrects to people of every religion, sect, area, sex and culture.We quite a littlenot forget the noble service done to our country by Sardar Vallabhai Patel in this direction. He was the iron man of India who wrought miracle by unifying al the numerous states of India subsequently the partition. National integration is essentially directed to keep India alive. It is our prestige. There are forces now that resort to communalism, localism and parochialism. They induct their vested interests. They do not stand for India. They want it to disintegrate. They are tools in the hands of some contrasted elements. They do not like to see India united and strong. Pakistan and Bangladesh are the recent creations carved out of India.We cannot rise provided divisions. We aim to crush the movements of secession with a strong hand. Let us promote topic integration by doing everything that is possible. Let us encourage all the forces of patriotism along with promotion of grace of God and mutual trust among people of different castes, areas and religions. A sincere effort by sincere politicians and spiritual leaders will be a positive step in this direction. Any negative movement in this regard should be taken seriously and step should be taken to sort out the grievances of different sections of people. Let us join our hands to maintain superstar in diversity.National IntegrationIndia has many races, internalities, castes, subscastes and communities but so far the heart of India is concerned it is one. It is true that societies that digest been integrated into bonds of unity open forever and a day enjoyed peace, stability, achieveity and permanence. And those torn by mutual disruptive tendenc ies among discordant sections of the society have always been short lived and be precipitate non- existent. The home(a) integration is the process of uniting different people from all walks of life into a single whole.The most serious problem being face by India in resign circumstances is, how to develop an atmosphere of bailiwick consciousness among so varied a people. Indians already have suffered for long periods, the pangs of enslavement and servitude. It is India in the whole terra firma which has to suffer to a lower place foreign rulers for more(prenominal) than seven hundred years. The separatist tendencies among people and kings have always resulted in the deign of our kingdoms. Our country was always divided into large number of small kingdoms which were mostly at daggers end.There has been a lack of national consciousness. The internal disputes among the Rajput kings allowed Muslim invaders to establish their foothold here. Then the Britishers were able to creat e rifts mingled with various kings and princes and olibanum established their supremacy. It was only overthrown when Indian nationhood joined together by unparallel discernment of some long Indian leaders who became creators of history. There is a need to make efforts for creating emotional integration or a sense of unity.The need of the hour is national integration. It should be taught at the very beginning, in all schools and colleges all over the country that India is one and only one. The differences between various cultures are meet superficial and basically it is only one. What is needed is superior interpretations, synthesis of the power of the mind that can leave rise to a vision of the whole and oneness. The school and college teaching material should be suitably rewrite wherein importance and need of oneness should be emphasised.From one end of the country to the other end, regular long distance tours must be conducted so as to foster emotional integration among t he young students of our country. stairs must be taken to see that, there are no sectional appeals so that disunity among the people does not addition manifold. To bring about national integration, there are many techniques. It can be forced out, or can be made to strengthen from within the core of hearts. The result by way of exercise of power would always be weak, nsuccessful and it would be for a temporary phase only. alone when the sense of national integration stems from within, it would be strong stable and ever-lasting. British government brought about national integration by way of their needs. For the first time during the British rule, the whole of India came to be governed from one pore and all regions of the country from West to East and South to North obeyed instructions and advice from the central power. This was because the God of license was the same and recognise all over the country.The national unity became more emotional when the country fought a united deb ate for freedom. Emotional integration is the basic foundation on which the main structure of national integration can be created. There is a rich cultural heritage in India. only of us are inheritors to several grand treasurers in the fields of unison, dance, drama, fine arts and paintings, sculpture and theatre. Our seers and sages have left in arrears a tradition of piety, penance, conquest of passion and spiritual immenseness.Our cultural unity is further exemplified by the great temples of the South, the caves of Khajuraho and Ajanta and Ellora which are glittering examples of proficiency of India in the field of architecture and sculpture. India classical music is built on the concept of ragas and talas. Each raga is regarded appropriage to a certain emotion, a certain mood capable for a specify time of the day or night. In the modern times, people like Pandit Ravi Shanker have taken the Indian music to great heights in the whole world and thus have bridged the gap betwe en the East and the West in the field of music.Today the intellectuals of Indian society can give the right direction as the country is standing at the crossroads of failures and achievements. The intellectuals must come out of their narrow down cells of detachment and awake up to their responsibilities towards the general masses. Through national integration, we will prosper and flourish and run the others who are characterized by divisive forces. We will carry with us, a power and strength, solidity and solidarity and an element of tackiness which will impart to us further permanence and stay in present struggling worldNational IntegrationIndia has many races, nationalities, castes, subscastes and communities but so far the heart of India is concerned it is one. It is true that societies that have been integrated into bonds of unity have always enjoyed peace, stability, prosperity and permanence. And those torn by mutual disruptive tendencies among various sections of the soci ety have always been short lived and become non- existent. The national integration is the process of uniting different people from all walks of life into a single whole.The most serious problem being faced by India in present circumstances is, how to develop an atmosphere of national consciousness among so varied a people. Indians already have suffered for long periods, the pangs of enslavement and servitude. It is India in the whole world which has to suffer under foreign rulers for more than seven hundred years. The separatist tendencies among people and kings have always resulted in the fall of our kingdoms. Our country was always divided into large number of small kingdoms which were mostly at daggers end.There has been a lack of national consciousness. The internal disputes among the Rajput kings allowed Muslim invaders to establish their foothold here. Then the Britishers were able to create rifts between various kings and princes and thus established their supremacy. It was only overthrown when Indian nationhood joined together by unparallel acumen of some great Indian leaders who became creators of history. There is a need to make efforts for creating emotional integration or a sense of unity.The need of the hour is national integration. It should be taught at the very beginning, in all schools and colleges all over the country that India is one and only one. The differences between various cultures are just superficial and basically it is only one. What is needed is superior interpretations, synthesis of the power of the mind that can give rise to a vision of the whole and oneness. The school and college teaching material should be suitably revised wherein importance and need of oneness should be emphasised.From one end of the country to the other end, regular long distance tours must be conducted so as to foster emotional integration among the young students of our country. Steps must be taken to see that, there are no sectional appeals so that disu nity among the people does not increase manifold. To bring about national integration, there are many techniques. It can be forced out, or can be made to strengthen from within the core of hearts. The result by way of exercise of power would always be weak, nsuccessful and it would be for a temporary phase only. But when the sense of national integration stems from within, it would be strong stable and ever-lasting. British government brought about national integration by way of their needs. For the first time during the British rule, the whole of India came to be governed from one centre and all regions of the country from West to East and South to North obeyed instructions and advice from the central power. This was because the God of freedom was the same and realized all over the country.The national unity became more emotional when the country fought a united struggle for freedom. Emotional integration is the basic foundation on which the main structure of national integration c an be created. There is a rich cultural heritage in India. All of us are inheritors to several grand treasurers in the fields of music, dance, drama, fine arts and paintings, sculpture and theatre. Our seers and sages have left behind a tradition of piety, penance, conquest of passion and spiritual greatness.Our cultural unity is further exemplified by the great temples of the South, the caves of Khajuraho and Ajanta and Ellora which are glittering examples of proficiency of India in the field of architecture and sculpture. India classical music is built on the concept of ragas and talas. Each raga is regarded appropriage to a certain emotion, a certain mood suitable for a specified time of the day or night. In the modern times, people like Pandit Ravi Shanker have taken the Indian music to great heights in the whole world and thus have bridged the gap between the East and the West in the field of music.Today the intellectuals of Indian society can give the right direction as the co untry is standing at the crossroads of failures and achievements. The intellectuals must come out of their narrow cells of detachment and awake up to their responsibilities towards the general masses. Through national integration, we will prosper and flourish and dominate the others who are characterized by divisive forces. We will carry with us, a power and strength, solidity and solidarity and an element of cohesiveness which will impart to us further permanence and stay in present struggling world

Life Sentence, Cruel and Unusual Punishment?

Teenagers are ever committing petty crimes, and many are a great deal sever hence others. Most of the time when juveniles are charged for crimes, they are sent to Juvenile H wholly. But what if the crime requires more com/capital-punishment-and-sensitive-societal-issue/punishment than that? Some teenagers are committing crimes so sever that theyre being tried as adults and serving life story in prison without parole. The Supreme Court is now considering whether this sentence constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. Teenagers are always doing something illegal because maybe they think its cool or theyre not thinking properly or whatever itll be.But no matter how extensive the crime, teens shouldnt be impris bingled their whole lives because of one stupid decision or mistake they made at 15 years old. Hopefully some people grow up and out of their old ways and they regret what they had done. But, unfortunately, thats not enough. Joe Sullivan. 13 years old. Convicted in 1989 for sexually assaulting a 72-year-old woman. Now at 34, Joe is asking the Supreme Court to decide whether his sentence violates the Constitutions Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.Joe Sullivan is turn up in Florida the state holding the highest number of non-homicidal juvenile lifers 77. Joes crime is cruel and unusual alone others could and are way worse. According to the reports from the Equal Justice Initiatives, only 8 people in the world, all in the United States, are serving crimes they committed at 13. Prompted by a quick build up in juvenile crimes in the 1990s, Florida and other states have taken a dumbfound-tough approach. Which made the punishment much more sever for their crimes. Rebecca Falcon. 5 years old. Convicted on November 19th, 1997 for shooting and killing a ward-heeler driver. That darkness Rebecca was upset over an ex-boyfriend and because of that, she drank a large amount of whiskey.Later on, she and an 18-year-old friend hopped in a ca b and within minutes the driver was dead. To this day, the shooter wasnt identified, however the gun belonged to her friend. Both had put the consign on each other. Now Rebecca is 27 and highly regrets her decisions from night. Some people do age over time and not everyone deserves to be entenced for life for a crime they committed as teenagers. 2,500 prisoners in the United States are serving life imprisonment for crimes they did as juveniles. 109 people were sentenced for life for crimes that didnt expect a homicide. Besides Sullivans case, on that point have been only one other case involving teenagers locked remote for rape. But the question is, is it right? Obviously putting them in Juvenile Hall will do nothing seeing how they committed the crime a year or both before they would get out if they were put there.But at the same time, life in prison might not be the best thing either. Putting a 13-year-old in jail and telling them theyll be there for the rest of their lives is somewhat overwhelming. Young teens are more susceptible to peer pressure and easily visitation off the straight and narrow by the environment around them. Jail is suppose to serve two purposes Punishment and rehabilitation. However, if teens are being sent to life without parole, theyre only getting the punishment. Not everyone should be giving parole but no one should be denied a chance at some other life.

The Globalization Debate: Prosperity or Impoverishment?

Is the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent global economy a inviolable thing? Many influential economists, politicians, and personal line of credit leaders seem to think so. They argue that falling barriers to global make do and investment are the twin engines that are driving the global economy toward ever greater prosperity. They argue that increased international alternate and cross-border investment will pull up stakes in lower prices for goods and services. They view that globalisation raise ups economic growth, raises the incomes of consumers, and helps to create jobs in all countries that choose to participate in the global commerce system.There are good theoretical reasons for believing that declining barriers to international trade and investment do stimulate economic growth, create jobs, and raise income levels. Moreover, con ramprable empirical evidence lends support to the predictions of this theory. However, despite the existence of a compelling b ody of theory and evidence, the process of globalization has its critics. We would be remiss if we did not mention their concerns. here(predicate) we briefly review the main themes of the debate. In later chapters we shall e wear downate on legion(predicate) of the points menti peerlessd belowGlobalization, Jobs, and Incomes wizard frequently voiced concern is that far from creating jobs, re touching barriers to international trade actually destroys manufacturing jobs in wealthy advance economies such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the United States. The basic thrust of the critics argument is that falling trade barriers allow firms to pass their manufacturing activities offshore to countries where occupy grade are much lower. Bartlett and Steele, two journalists for the Philadelphia Inquirer who fox gained celebrity for their attacks on stark trade, cite the case of Harwood Industries, a U.S. clothing manufacturer that closed its U. S. operations, where it paid fetchers $9 p er hour, and shifted manufacturing to Honduras, where stuff workers receive 48 cents per hour. 32 Because of moves like this, argue Bartlett and Steele, the employ rates of poorer Americans make fallen significantly over the last quarter of a century. Supporters of globalization reply that critics such as Bartlett and Steele miss the essential point about supernumerary trade-the benefits outweigh the costS. 3 They argue that drop by the wayside trade results in countries specializing in the production of those goods and services that they can produce most efficiently, while merchandise goods that they cannot produce as efficiently from other countries. When a country embraces emancipate trade there is eternally some dislocation-lost textile jobs at Harwood Industries, for example-but the whole economy is better off as a result. tally to this view, it makes little sense for the United States to produce textiles at home when they can be produced at a lower cost in Honduras or China (which, unlike Honduras, is a major source of U.S. textile imports). Importing textiles from China leads to lower prices for clothes in the United States, which enables U. S. consumers to spend more of their money on other items. At the same time, the increased income generated in China from textile exports increases income levels in that country, which helps the Chinese to leverage more products produced in the United States, such as Boeing jets, Intel-based computers, Microsoft software, and Motorola cellular telephones. In this manner, supporters of globalization argue that free trade benefits all countries that adhere to a free trade regime.Supporters of globalization do concede that the wage rate enjoyed by unskilled workers in many advanced economies has declined in recent years. For example, data from the judicature of Economic Cooperation and Development suggest that since 1980 the lowest 10 percent of American workers have seen a be sick in their touchable wages ( adjusted for inflation) of about 20 percent, while the top 10 percent have enjoyed a real pay increase of about 10 percent. Similar trends can be seen in many other countries.However, while critics of globalization argue that the decline in unskilled wage rates is due to the migration of low-wage manufacturing jobs offshore, and a corresponding reduction in demand for unskilled workers, supporters of globalization see a more complex picture. They maintain that the declining real wage rates of unskilled workers owes far more to a technology-induced shift within advanced economies away from jobs where the only qualification was a willingness to turn up for work every day and toward jobs that require employees to possess significant education and skills.They point out that within many advanced economies there is a shortage of highly skilled workers and an excess supply of unskilled workers. Thus, exploitation income inequality is a result of the wages for skilled workers, being bid up by the crusade market and the wages for unskilled workers being discounted. If one agrees with this logic, a solution to the trouble of declining incomes is to be make not in limiting free trade and globalization, but in increasing societys investment in education to reduce the supply of unskilled workers. Globalization, Labor Policies, and the EnvironmentIA second source of concern is that free trade encourages firms from advanced nations to move manufacturing facilities offshore to less developed countries that lack adequate regulations to protect labor and the environment from abuse by the unscrupulous. Critics argue that adhering to labor and environmental regulations significantly increases the costs of manufacturing enterprises and puts them at a competitive disadvantage in the global marketplace vis-a-vis firms based in developing nations that do not have to coincide with such regulations.Firms deal with this cost disadvantage, so the theory goes, by moving their product ion facilities to nations that do not have such burdensome regulations or fail to enforce the regulations they do have. If this is the case, one might expect free trade to lead to an increase in defilement and result in firms from advanced nations exploiting the labor of less developed nations. This argument was used repeatedly by those who unconnected the 1994 formation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The imagination they painted was one of U. S. anufacturing firms moving to Mexico in droves so that they would be free to pollute the environment, employ child labor, and ignore study safety and health bares, all in the name of higher profits. Supporters of free trade and greater globalization express serious doubts about this scenario. They point out that tougher environmental regulations and stricter labor standards go hand in hand with economic progress. In general, as countries get richer, they enact tougher envir onmental and labor regulations. Since free trade enables developing countries to increase their economic growth rates and become richer, this should be correlated ith the introduction of tougher environmental and labor laws. In this view, the critics of free trade have got it backward-free trade does not lead to more pollution and labor exploitation it leads to less Moreover, supporters of free trade point out that it is possible to tie free trade agreements to the implementation of tougher environmental and labor laws in less developed countries. NAFTA, for example, was passed only after side agreements had been negotiated that committed Mexico to tougher enforcement of environmental protection regulations.Thus, supporters of free trade argue that factories based in Mexico are at present cleaner than they would have been without the passage of NAFTA. Free trade supporters also argue that business firms are not the amoral organizations that critics suggest. While there may be a few rotten apples, the vast majority of business enterprises are staffed by managers who are committed to behave in an ethical manner and would be improbable to move production offshore just so they could pump more pollution into the atmosphere or exploit labor.Furthermore, the relationship among pollution, labor exploitation, and production costs may not be that suggested by critics. In general, a well-treated labor force is a productive work force, and it is productivity rather than base wage rates that often has the greatest influence on costs. Given this, in the vast majority of cases, the vision of greedy managers who shift production to low-wage companies in order to exploit their labor force may be misplaced. Globalization and National SovereigntyA final concern voiced by critics of globalization is that in todays increasingly interdependent global economy, economic power is shifting away from national governments and toward supranational organizations such as the World Trade scheme (WTO), the European Union, and the United Nations. As perceived by critics, the problem is that unelected bureaucrats are now sometimes able to impose policies on the democratically elected governments of nation-states, thereby undermining the sovereignty of those states.In this manner, claim critics, the ability of the nation-state to control its own destiny is being limited. The World Trade Organization is a favorite target of those who attack the worlds headlong rush toward a global economy. The WTO was founded in 1994 to practice of law the world trading system established by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO arbitrates trade disputes between the 120 or so nation-states that have signed the GATT. The WTO arbitration panel can issue a ruling instructing a member state to change trade policies that violate GATT regulations.If the violator refuses to comply with the ruling, the WTO allows other states to impose appropriate trade sanctions on the tr ansgressor. As a result, according to one big(a) critic, the U. S. environmentalist and consumer rights advocate Ralph Nader In contrast to Naders inflammatory rhetoric, many economists and politicians maintain that the power of supranational organizations such as the WTO is limited to what nation-states collectively agree to grant. They argue that bodies such as theUnited Nations and the WTO exist to wait on the collective interests of member states, not to subvert those interests. Moreover, supporters of supranational organizations point out that in reality, the power of these bodies rests by and large on their ability to persuade member states to follow a certain course of action. If these bodies fail to process the collective interests of member states, those states will withdraw their support, and the supranational organization will quickly collapse. In this view, then, real power still resides with individual nation-states, not supranational organizations.

A Poison Tree essay

The poem A Poison head talks about the two ways to deal with evoke. The first two lines deal with how we should deal with it besides the rest of it talks about the ire that the speaker has. The main theme of this poem is not anger but how anger can be cultivated. It shows how not bringing your anger up to the surface and transaction with it directly with the person you are angry with, this anger can be germinated into something pestiferous and destructive.This poem is conquer for Songs of Experience rather than for Songs of innocence because if it would be a song of innocence the human mind and understanding would want to let the anger out in order to keep their soul clean of each bad thoughts. Innocence is a state of genuine complete and naive trust towards all humankind, accompanied by unquestioned belief in Christian Doctrine. Songs of Experience deals with the loss of innocence after film to the material world and all of its mortal sin during adult life.This poem show s how the speaker is cultivating his anger and is want to destroy his foe. At the end of the poem we see how the hatred got the best of him. The anger grew into this fell fruit that when his enemy ate it he faced d ingesth. Nowhere in this poem it shows that his foe had some(prenominal) anger thoughts towards the speaker yet he was so blind by the anger that he plausibly didnt even realize it since he was too busy feeding his anger.Also this is a Songs of Experience because at the beginning of the poem we see the wisdom that it has when it tells us I was angry with my friend / I told my wrath, my wrath did end. Its giving us a wise advice for our lives showing that the speaker posses wisdom not innocencestupidity. The poison channelise that this poem talks about can be a symbol to the steer of forbidden knowledge from the bible. The speaker has this poisonous fruit that its there to tempt his foe to eat it to be destroyed.The foe sneaks into the garden and steals the fruit no t being able to see that the tree is poisonous leading to his death. Just like in the bible God told Adam and Eve that if they were to eat from that tree they would face death the speakers foe faced the same fate. He was tempted and he had fallen. At this the speaker was satisfied and with the death of his foe his anger died. Mercy, pity, peace, and love cannot be connected to anger since these ready no relations with anger. If not able to deal with anger a person doesnt nurture mercy towards the person that they are angry at.They are not in peace with themselves they are eternally thinking of a way to get back at them and definitely have no love towards them. This poem is not a Songs of Innocence since anger at the point to want to hurt the opposite person is malicious and it comes with negative thoughts gained from experience not naive thoughts from those like children. Anger needs to be handled in the best manner possible and not let it germinate into something poisonous and destructive because at the end it harms both one thats angry and the person youre angry at

Alexander Graham Bell biography

Alexander Graham toll, was the inventor of the telephone. Bell was born in Edinburgh on 3 marchland 1847. He was the son of Melville, a speech and elocution teacher who developed the first International Phonetic alphabet and Eliza, who was deaf from the age of five. Bell was the only child to survive into adulthood, with his younger and elder brothers, Ted and Melly, dying of tuberculosis. These biographic facts foretell the strong determine, personality and determination of the man destined to radically change the preferred stylus of long distance communications to voice, and thus transform virtually all aspects of modern life.Bell developed a passion for communication from a young age. He was to become an extraordinary man with a aery understanding of its power and potential. Educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London, Bell immigrated to the US in 1870. In his twenties, he denounce ab break through developing a multiple telegraph that could send several Morse code m essages. In 1872, Bell started attending MITs all overt lectures on experimental mechanics, including one in October by professor Charles R. queer that began a long, fruitful collaboration.At the talk, Cross demonstrated a device invented by his colleague Edward C. Pickering, who thus chaired MITs physics department. At the time of Crosss lecture, MIT (which had been incorporated in 1861 on the capital of Massachu even outts fount of the Charles River) had recently blossom forthed the Rogers Laboratory of Physics in a new building on Boylston Street. The facility was the first of its kind in the United States, a well-outfitted conk outing laboratory that allowed students to conduct experiments illustrating the bodily laws they learned about in class.Of particular interest to Bell, the new laboratory had an impressive watch of equipment analogous to that used in the path rupture work of Hermann von Helmholtz, one of the worlds leading acoustical researchers. In 1873, Bell accepted a position as a professor of vocal physiology and elocution at the fledgling capital of Massachusetts University (which had been chartered in 1869). The post drew him into even closer contact with Bostons scientific community, affording him the chance to get better acquainted with Professor Cross, who would eventually succeed Pickering as chair of MITs physics department.In April 1874, after Bell addressed MIT students and faculty about his acoustical studies and his turn in orts to teach the deaf to speak, Crossapparently impressedgranted him unfettered access to the plants facilities for his further research. Bell seized the opportunity. Of course, Bell won his patent claim as the sole inventor of the telephone, and public knowledge about the contri plainlyions of others mostly faded into oblivion.The legion(predicate) surviving primary documents from the period, however, leave humble inquiry of the important supporting role that Cross and the Rogers Laboratory play ed in helping Bell succeed vital, detailed, and often hands-on knowledge about the cutting-edge work of others in the field, including Pickering, Helmholtz, Reis, and Elisha Gray, the inventor whose path breaking send off for a liquid transmitter Bell seems to have appropriated to make his world-famous call to Watson. Many eld afterward, with Bells legal claim to the telephone long since secured, he publicly acknowledged Crosss contribution.Bell told the crowd of 1,500 assembled at Symphony Hall for MITs 50th-anniversary galaand more than 5,000 alumni and guests who were listening in by phone at Alumni Association gatherings across the countrythat Cross had not only make many advances in the telephone itself but inspired many students to go forth from the Institute to holy the work. On 7 March 1876, Bell patented the telephone (Patent 174,465) at the tender age of 29. On March 10, 1876, Bell supposedly knocked over the battery acid he and Watson were using as transmit liquid for early telephone tests, and shouted, Mr.Watson, come here I want you. Watson, working in the future(a) room, heard Bells voice through the wire. Bell introduced the telephone to the world at the centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1877, Bell formed the Bell Telephone community. He afterwards sued Western Union over patent infringement of his telephone copyright, and won. In the 1880s, Bell used his big fortune to establish research laboratories to work with deaf flock. Helen Keller was among his many students.Bell, though, was able to translate his surpassing look ons into his private life. He lobbied the cause of deaf wad and to establish day informs for them throughout the US. When he set out on this challenge, only 40 per cent of deaf children were taught to speak. At the time of his death in 1922 the figure was 80 per cent testimony enough in itself to his leading qualities. Like all exceptional leaders, Bell made himself accessible to all. He enco uraged one family the Kellers to educate their little girl Helen, who was deaf.She later attended the Boston Museum of fine arts and became a highly successful commercial artist. Employers today mass learn much from Bells great achievements nurture ideas, encourage innovation and pursue developments, however radical they readiness seem at the time. Likewise, there remains a need today for companies to accept and foster their tie in and social responsibilities within the communities in which they operate and beyond. Bell proved that leaders and business can piddle the circumstances to improve our quality of life.In researching this article, I have grown to respect the great depth and leadership qualities of Alexander Graham Bell, a hugely successful entrepreneur and a great humanitarian. While telephones, fax, mobiles, text edition messaging, and the corresponding may sometimes drive you mad, they have undoubtedly revolutionised the world for the better, and it can all be tr aced back to the leadership and vision of one man. Bell is the greatest creator ever of shareholder value and an inspirational figure for the to the cause of the children of a littleer God it must earn him the title of great Briton in Management and Leadership.Other Bell inventions include an electric probe, a device used to resolve bullets and other metal objects in the human body, and the vacuum jacket, which when placed around the chest, administered artificial respiration. Hes also credited with inventions related to the iron lung and triangular aircraft wings. In 1898, Bell became the president of National geographic because he believed that geography could be taught through pictures. Bells fascination with aeronautics led to his hydrodrome boat, a vessel that traveled above the water at high speeds.The hydrodrome reached speeds in excess of 70 mph, and for many years was the fastest boat in the world. Bell died August 2, 1922, in Nova Scotia, Canada But unlike so many grea t pioneers and inventors, Bell followed through, visualizing the future and realizing the potential of his precious invention. Shortly after the invention of the telephone, Bell had told his father The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses, just like water or gas and friends will converse with each other without leaving home. How right he was.Remember this prediction was at a time when the telephone was in its infancy and its full potential was further from recognized. Bells invention changed for good the way people live their lives. Telephones and telephone lines have enabled us to network planetary companies via computers, make transactions electronically, or simply talk to our loved ones to let them know all is well, wheresoever in the world we might be at the time. The telephone is not only capable of infection voice, but also of transmitting emotion and, therefore, allows us to communicate not only what we are sentiment but how we feel.In a stroke of genius, Bell shrank the world and transformed the lives of the citizens of his country of birth and education, Great Britain, and, indeed, the lives of people around the world. Like many great people, Bell appeared to benefit from luck and skill in personify measure, and it was while he was trying to develop multiple morse code that he stumbled on the belief that speech could be reproduced through sound waves in a continuous undulating current. This truly brilliant find is the principle behind the telephone.Steven capital of Minnesota Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955 to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian-born Abdulfattah John Jandali (Arabic ), who were both undivided at the time. 32 Jandali, who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born in 1955, said he had no choice but to put the baby up for adoption because his girlfriends family objected to their relationship. 33 The baby was select at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (19221993) and Clara Jobs (19241986), an Armenian-American3 whose maiden name was Hagopian. 34 Later, when asked about his adoptive parents, Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs were my parents. 35 He stated in his accredited biography that they were my parents 1,000%. 36 Unknown to him, his biological parents would subsequently marry (December 1955), have a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorce in 1962. 36 The Jobs family moved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old. 12 The parents later adopted a daughter, Patti.Paul was a machinist for a company that made lasers, and taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. 1 The father showed Steve how to work on electronics in the family garage, demonstrating to his son how to take apart and rebuild electronics such as radios and televisions. As a result, Steve became interested in and developed a hobby of technical tinkering. 37 Clara was an accountant35 who tau ght him to read before he went to school. 1 Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech firms in what became known as Silicon Valley. 38 Jobs was an sharp and innovative thinker, but his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. At Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View, he was a prankster whose fourth-grade teacher needed to bribe him to study. Jobs tested so well, however, that administrators valued to skip him ahead to high schoola proposal his parents declined. 39 Jobs then attended Cupertino Junior exalted and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. 2 At Homestead, Jobs became friends with Bill Fernandez, a neighbor who shared the analogous interests in electronics.Fernandez introduced Jobs to another, older computer whiz kid, Stephen Wozniak (also known as Woz). In 1969 Woz started building a little computer board with Fernandez that they named The Cream Soda Computer, which they showed to Jobs he se emed really interested. 40 Jobs frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Wozniak as a summer employee. 41 Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Reed was an expensive college which Paul and Clara could ill afford.They were outgo much of their life savings on their sons higher education. 40 Jobs dropped out of college after cardinal months and spent the next 18 months dropping in on creative classes. 42 He continued auditing classes at Reed while sleeping on the floor in friends dorm rooms, returning Coke bottles for aliment money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. 43 Jobs later said, If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fontsSteve Jobs introduced in 1988, was an even more expensive marvel of hardware and software design it at-tracted even fewer customers. Today, Windows running on Intel-compatible chips remains the most common software programme for per-sonal computers (though cellphones far outsell PCs and have become the dominant mode of computing). But Mi-crosoft has introduced only incremen-tal innovations, following the path set by the Macintosh more than 25 years ago. And mechanical man-based smartphones and tablets, which rely on Google s free and open operating system, follow the lead of the iPhone and the iPad.My point is that Microsoft, Intel, and Google have taken the usual route to platform leadership, with inexpen-sive or free products, relatively open viewpoints interfaces, and extensive efforts to cul-tivate a broad ecosystem of partners. But Jobs and Apple have shown us an-other path to platform leadership, and not just for a niche product segment Design breakthrough products that set new standards for form, function, and aesthetics market them creatively and ag gressively, with some modest reduc-tions in price over time open them up gradually as industrywide platforms, and let the chips fall where they may.Jobs wanted Apple to bring on computers that would be as elegant and simple to use as a type-writer or even a toaster. Now, looking back, we can see that every product Jobs championed, whether or not it succeed-ed commercially, set new standards for aesthetics as well as utility, such as in ease-of-use or handling graphics and multimedia. What stands out most to me are the ultra-simple, intuitive user interfaces of the Macintosh (GUI plus mouse, albeit invented earlier at the Stanford Research Institute and Xerox PARC) and then the iPod s clickwheel and the iPhone and iPad touchscreens.Today s PCs, digital media players, smartphones, and tablets based on Windows or even Android are as good as they are only because of how much Steve Jobs and Apple raised the eject for everyone. Charisma and Leadership In the 1996 PBS documentary, Tri-um ph of the Nerds, Larry Tesler, who used to work at Apple, discussed how Steve Jobs was able to inspire people to surpass what even they believed they could accomplish. He would never settle for anything less than someone s absolutely stovepipe effort, and then some.That is how Jobs raised the bar for the Macintosh project whose competi-tion was the character-based IBM PC and compatibles and many products since then, most recently the iPad. As Steve Jobs moved forward in his career, he also brought related but formerly distinct technologies and businesses together. In fact, he felt compelled to shed the historic Apple Computer name in 2007 in favor of Apple, Inc. to reflect the broader set of aspirations that he and the company had adopted.It is instructive again to compare Jobs and Apple with gate and Microsoft. Gates main entrepreneurial legacy has been to create a mass-mar-ket software products company that continues to print money and ex-ploit those remarkable gross margins of packaged software , Jobs solved an extremely vexing problem for the industry and for consumers how to price digital content in the form of music, video clips, movies, and TV pro-grams. This innovation in digital servic-es is no less profound than Steve Jobs innovations in consumer products. he master Strategist Early observers of Jobs and Apple, in-cluding myself, underestimated his ability to master the business side of technology. Clearly, over time, Jobs got better at this much better perhaps as the world caught up to what he was trying to do. Two incidents stand out. First, when he rejoined Apple in 1996, the firm was practically bankrupt, with only a few months of cash left. But Jobs got a $150 million investment from archrival Microsoft as well as a commitment from Bill Gates that Microsoft would continue to produce Office for the Mac.This agreement was critical to hold up the Macintosh business, then the only real source of revenue for Apple. Second, in 2005, Jobs abandoned his 20-year commitment to the Motorola micro-processor and adopted archrival Intel s technology. This move helped bridge the growing cost-performance gap with Windows PCs, and enabled the Macin-tosh to continue as a second platform that was also much more interoperable with the Windows world.